Difference between revisions of "Experimental film"
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; Catalogues and Brochures | ; Catalogues and Brochures | ||
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10154 Film as Film: Formal Experiment in Film, 1910-1975]'', London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1979, 152 pp. Catalogue. | * ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10154 Film as Film: Formal Experiment in Film, 1910-1975]'', London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1979, 152 pp. Catalogue. | ||
+ | * Dominique Noguez, ''Eloge du Cinema Experimental: Definitions, Jalons, Perspectives'', Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1979. | ||
+ | * Eugeni Bonet, Manuel Palacio (eds.), ''Practica Filmica y Vanguardia Artistica en Espana / The Avant-garde Film in Spain: 1925-1981'', Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1983. (in Spanish) | ||
+ | * Prosper Hillairet, Christian Lebrat, Patrice Rollet, ''Paris Vu par le Cinema d'Avant-garde: 1923-1983'', Paris: Paris Experimental, 1985. (in French) | ||
+ | * Paul de Mol, Nelly Voorhuis (eds.), ''Het Experiment in de Nederlandse Film'', Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 1985. | ||
* David Schwartz (ed.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=5857 Independent America: New Film 1978-1988]'', New York: American Museum of the Moving Image, 1988, 93 pp. Catalogue. | * David Schwartz (ed.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=5857 Independent America: New Film 1978-1988]'', New York: American Museum of the Moving Image, 1988, 93 pp. Catalogue. | ||
* Gerald O’Grady, Bruce Posner (eds.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10155 Articulated Light: The Emergence of Abstract Film in America]'', Boston: Harvard Film Archive & Anthology Film Archives, 1995, 16 pp. Catalogue. | * Gerald O’Grady, Bruce Posner (eds.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10155 Articulated Light: The Emergence of Abstract Film in America]'', Boston: Harvard Film Archive & Anthology Film Archives, 1995, 16 pp. Catalogue. | ||
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2614 Shoot Shoot Shoot: The First Decade of the London Film-Makers’ Co-operative and British Avant-Garde Film 1966-1976]'', London: Lux, 2002. | * ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2614 Shoot Shoot Shoot: The First Decade of the London Film-Makers’ Co-operative and British Avant-Garde Film 1966-1976]'', London: Lux, 2002. | ||
− | ; | + | ; Anthologies |
* Peter Gidal (ed.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2612 Structural Film Anthology]'', London: British Film Institute, 1976. | * Peter Gidal (ed.), ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2612 Structural Film Anthology]'', London: British Film Institute, 1976. | ||
+ | * Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Wheeler Winston-Dixon (eds.), ''Experimental Cinema: The Film Reader'', Routledge, 2002. | ||
+ | * Jackie Hatfield (ed.), ''Experimental Film and Video: An Anthology'', Eastleigh: John Libbey Pub., 2006. | ||
; Books | ; Books | ||
− | * Gene Youngblood, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=218 Expanded Cinema]'', Dutton, 1970. | + | * Roger Manvell, ''Experiment in the Film'', London: Grey Walls Press, 1949. |
+ | * Sheldon Renan, ''An Introduction to the American Underground Film'', New York: Dutton, 1967. | ||
+ | * Gene Youngblood, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=218 Expanded Cinema]'', New York: Dutton, 1970. With an introduction by R. Buckminster Fuller. | ||
+ | * Parker Tyler, ''Underground Film: A Critical History'' New York: Grove Press, 1970. | ||
+ | * Birgit Hein, ''Film im Underground. Von seinen Anfangen bis zum Unabhangigen Kino'', Frankfurt: Ullstein, 1971. (in German) | ||
+ | * Jonas Mekas, ''Movie Journal; The Rise of the New American Cinema, 1959-1971'', New York: Macmillan, 1972. | ||
+ | * Gottfried Schlemmer (ed.), ''Avantgardistischer Film 1951-1971, Theorie'', Munich: Hanser, 1973. (in German) | ||
+ | * Hans Scheugl, Ernst Schmidt, ''Eine Subgeschichte des Films: Lexikon d. Avantgarde-, Experimental- u. Undergroundfilms'', Frankurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1974. (in German) | ||
+ | * Jean Mitry, ''Le Cinema Experimental: Histoire et Perspectives'', Paris: Seghers, 1974. (in French) | ||
+ | * Malcolm Le Grice, ''Abstract Film and Beyond'', MIT Press, 1977. | ||
+ | * Ulrich Gregor (ed.), ''The German Experimental Film of the Seventies'', Munich: Goethe-Institut, 1980. | ||
* P. Adams Sitney, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=499 Visionary Film: the American Avant-Garde, 1943-2000]'', Oxford University Press, 1974; Third edition, 2002. | * P. Adams Sitney, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=499 Visionary Film: the American Avant-Garde, 1943-2000]'', Oxford University Press, 1974; Third edition, 2002. | ||
+ | * Martin Walsh, ''The Brechtian aspect of radical cinema'', London: BFI Publishing, 1981. | ||
+ | * Dominique Noguez, ''Trente Ans de Cinema Experimental en France, 1950-1980'', Paris: A.R.C.E.F., 1982. (in French) | ||
+ | * Maureen Cheryn Turim, ''Abstraction in Avant-garde Films'', Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1985. | ||
+ | * Jairo Ferreira, ''Cinema de Invencao'', Sao Paulo: Editora Max Limonad, 1986. (in Portuguese) | ||
+ | * Helge Krarup, Carl Norrested, ''Eksperimentalfilm i Danmark'', Copenhagen: Borgen, 1986. (in Danish) | ||
+ | * Fernao Ramos, ''Cinema Marginal, 1968-1973: A Representacao em seu Limite'', Sao Paulo: Editora Brasiliense, 1987. (in Portuguese) | ||
+ | * Peter Gidal, ''Materialist Film'', Routledge, 1989. | ||
+ | * P. Adams Sitney, ''Modernist Montage: The Obscurity of Vision in Cinema and Literature'', New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. | ||
+ | * Patricia Mellencamp, ''Indiscretions: Avant-garde Film, Video & Feminism'', Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. | ||
* William C. Wees, ''[http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft438nb2fr&chunk.id=0&toc.depth=100&brand=ucpress Light Moving in Time: Studies in the Visual Aesthetics of Avant-Garde Film]'', University of California Press, 1992. | * William C. Wees, ''[http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft438nb2fr&chunk.id=0&toc.depth=100&brand=ucpress Light Moving in Time: Studies in the Visual Aesthetics of Avant-Garde Film]'', University of California Press, 1992. | ||
+ | * Scott MacDonald, ''Avant-garde Film: Motion Studies'', Cambridge University Press, 1993. | ||
* Edward S. Small, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2618 Direct Theory: Experimental Film/Video as Major Genre]'', SIU Press, 1994, 122 pp. | * Edward S. Small, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2618 Direct Theory: Experimental Film/Video as Major Genre]'', SIU Press, 1994, 122 pp. | ||
+ | * James Peterson, ''Dreams of Chaos, Visions of Order: Understanding the American Avante-garde Cinema'', Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994. | ||
+ | * Jan-Christopher Horak (ed.), ''Lovers of Cinema: The First American Film Avant-garde, 1919-1945'', Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. | ||
+ | * Rudolf E. Kuenzli (ed.), ''Dada and Surrealist Film'', MIT Press, 1996. | ||
* Robert A. Haller (ed.), ''[http://www.roberthaller.com/firstlight/ First Light]'', New York: Anthology Film Archives, 1998, 108 pp. | * Robert A. Haller (ed.), ''[http://www.roberthaller.com/firstlight/ First Light]'', New York: Anthology Film Archives, 1998, 108 pp. | ||
+ | * Beatriz Sarlo Sabajanes, ''La maquina cultural: maestras, traductores y vanguardistas'', Buenos Aires: Ariel, 1998. (in Spanish) | ||
* A. L. Rees, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=484 A History of Experimental Film and Video: From Canonical Avant-garde to Contemporary British Practice]'', British Film Institute, 1999. | * A. L. Rees, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=484 A History of Experimental Film and Video: From Canonical Avant-garde to Contemporary British Practice]'', British Film Institute, 1999. | ||
+ | * Emanuel Levy, ''Cinema of outsiders: the rise of American independent film'', New York: New York University Press, 1999. | ||
+ | * Joan M Minguet Batllori, ''Cinema, modernitat i avantguarda (1920-1936)'', Valencia: E. Climent, 2000. (in Spanish) | ||
+ | * Barbara Wilinsky, ''Sure Seaters: the emergence of art house cinema'', Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. | ||
+ | * Nina Danino, Michael Maziere (eds.), ''The Undercut reader: critical writings on artists' film and video'', London/New York: Wallflower, 2003. | ||
+ | * Lauren Rabinovitz, ''Points of Resistance: Women, Power & Politics in the New York Avant-garde Cinema, 1943-71'', Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003. | ||
+ | * Maurice Lemaitre, ''1967-1969, le cafe-cinema Lemaitre : suivi de Huit filmes lettristes'', Paris: Paris experimental, 2003. (in French) | ||
+ | * Michael O'Pray, ''Avant-Garde Film: Forms, Themes and Passions'', London/New York: Wallflower, 2003. | ||
+ | * Anna Abrahams, et al. (eds.), ''Mm2: experimental film in the Netherlands since 1960'', Amsterdam: Filmbank, with de Balie, 2004. | ||
* Jeffrey Skoller, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1032 Shadows, Specters, Shards. Making History in Avant-Garde Film]'', University of Minnesota Press, 2005, 233 pp. | * Jeffrey Skoller, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1032 Shadows, Specters, Shards. Making History in Avant-Garde Film]'', University of Minnesota Press, 2005, 233 pp. | ||
+ | * Jean Petrolle, Virginia Wright Wexman (eds.), ''Women and Experimental Filmmaking'', Urbana: University of Illinois, 2005. [http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip055/2004029712.html] | ||
+ | * Paul G. Pickowicz, Yingjin Zhang (eds.), ''From underground to independent: alternative film culture in contemporary China'', Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. | ||
+ | * Robin Blaetz (ed.), ''Women's Experimental Cinema: Critical Frameworks'', Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. [http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0713/2007009344.html] | ||
* P. Adams Sitney, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=488 Eyes Upside Down: Visionary Filmmakers and the Heritage of Emerson]'', 2008. | * P. Adams Sitney, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=488 Eyes Upside Down: Visionary Filmmakers and the Heritage of Emerson]'', 2008. | ||
+ | * R. Bruce Elder, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=9777 Harmony and Dissent: Film and Avant-garde Art Movements in the Early Twentieth Century]'', Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2008. | ||
* Daniel Barnett, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=493 Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film]'', Rodopi, 2008, 240 pp. | * Daniel Barnett, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=493 Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film]'', Rodopi, 2008, 240 pp. | ||
Revision as of 10:58, 5 January 2014
Pages
- 25 FPS Festival
- L'Abominable
- Academic Film Center Belgrade
- Academic Photo Cinema Club Sarajevo
- Albert Alcoz
- Alternative Film & Video Festival Belgrade
- Amateur cinema clubs in Yugoslavia
- Kenneth Anger
- Antifilm
- April Meetings
- Martin Arnold
- Arsenal
- Ute Aurand
- Avant-Garde Film Festival
- Avantgarde ist keine Strömung
- Jeffrey Babcock
- Balázs Béla Studio
- Rosa Barba
- Belgrade Cinema Club
- Mirna Belina
- Black Wave
- Martin Blažíček
- Gábor Bódy
- Vane Bor
- Jerzy Bossak
- Martijn van Boven
- Stan Brakhage
- Michał Brzeziński
- Bulšitfilm
- Luis Buñuel
- Eugeniusz Cękalski
- Pip Chodorov
- Radúz Činčera
- Bruce Conner
- Florian Cramer
- Vivienne Dick
- Distruktur
- Vukica Đilas
- Irena and Karel Dodal
- Germaine Dulac
- Lloyd Dunn
- Ľubomír Ďurček
- Viking Eggeling
- Miklós Erdély
- L'Etna
- Birgit and Wilhelm Hein
- Exprmntl
- Film Authors Studio
- Film Form Workshop
- Film Video Informació
- Coleen Fitzgibbon
- Aleksander Ford
- Péter Forgács
- Hollis Frampton
- Ivan Ladislav Galeta
- GEFF
- György Gerő
- Peter Gidal
- Karpo Godina
- Tomislav Gotovac
- Ion Grigorescu
- Alexandr Hackenschmied
- Nicky Hamlyn
- Dušan Hanák
- Vladimír Havrilla
- Stanislav Hora
- Tatjana Ivančić
- Leandro Katz
- Kinema Ikon
- Kinoautomat
- Klubvizija
- Vladimír Kordoš
- Kurt Kren
- Peter Kubelka
- LaborBerlin
- Wolfgang Lehmann
- Jiří Lehovec
- Maurice Lemaître
- Jay Leyda
- Lichtblick-Kino
- Light Cone
- Rose Lowder
- London Film-Makers' Co-op
- Claus Löser
- Sergiu Lupse
- Irene Lusztig
- Jaroslav Mackerle
- MAFAF
- Dušan Marek
- Gregory Markopoulos
- Ivan Martinac
- Ivica Matić
- Dóra Maurer
- Martin Mazanec
- Anthony McCall
- Jonas Mekas
- Metamkine
- Mikhail Kaufman
- Mire
- András Monory-Mész
- Mostra del Cinema di Genova
- Werner Nekes
- No.w.here
- Doireann O'Malley
- Open Form
- Pan 69
- Mihovil Pansini
- Parallel Cinema
- Paul Sharits
- Živojin Pavlović
- Andrzej Pawlowski
- Jacques Perconte
- Vladimir Petek
- Sylva Poláková
- William Raban
- Yvonne Rainer
- Margaret Raspé
- Man Ray
- Jürgen Reble
- Hans Richter
- Mirosław Rogala
- Barbara Rubin
- Walter Ruttmann
- Zbigniew Rybczyński
- SAF
- Sarajevo Cinema Club
- Sylvia Schedelbauer
- Carolee Schneemann
- Scratch Expanded
- Sector 16
- Esfir Shub
- Sigma
- Petr Skala
- ŠKUC
- Jack Smith
- Michael Snow
- Split Cinema Club
- Start
- Studio één
- Super 8 Picnic in a Hand
- Elizaveta Svilova
- Daniela Swarowsky
- Gyula Száva
- András Szirtes
- Ivan Tatíček
- The Word of the Young Cinema Club
- Franciszka and Stefan Themerson
- Think:Film
- This Is All Film! Experimental Film in Yugoslavia 1951-1991
- Tree Lab
- Teresa Tyszkiewicz
- UbuWeb
- Stan VanDerBeek
- Otakar Vávra
- Dziga Vertov
- Andy Warhol
- Ryszard Waśko
- Peter Weibel
- František Wirth
- WORM.Filmwerkplaats
- Lordan Zafranović
- Zagreb Cinema Club
- Jerzy Zarzynski
- ZebraLab
Resources
- cinovid, database for experimental film and video art.
- Artist profiles at The iotaCenter
Literature
- Journals and Magazines
- Cinim magazine, Nos. 1-3, 1967-1969.
- Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media, Nos. 1-54, 1974-2011. Edited by John Hess, Chuck Kleinhans and Julia Lesage.
- Catalogues and Brochures
- Film as Film: Formal Experiment in Film, 1910-1975, London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1979, 152 pp. Catalogue.
- Dominique Noguez, Eloge du Cinema Experimental: Definitions, Jalons, Perspectives, Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1979.
- Eugeni Bonet, Manuel Palacio (eds.), Practica Filmica y Vanguardia Artistica en Espana / The Avant-garde Film in Spain: 1925-1981, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1983. (in Spanish)
- Prosper Hillairet, Christian Lebrat, Patrice Rollet, Paris Vu par le Cinema d'Avant-garde: 1923-1983, Paris: Paris Experimental, 1985. (in French)
- Paul de Mol, Nelly Voorhuis (eds.), Het Experiment in de Nederlandse Film, Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 1985.
- David Schwartz (ed.), Independent America: New Film 1978-1988, New York: American Museum of the Moving Image, 1988, 93 pp. Catalogue.
- Gerald O’Grady, Bruce Posner (eds.), Articulated Light: The Emergence of Abstract Film in America, Boston: Harvard Film Archive & Anthology Film Archives, 1995, 16 pp. Catalogue.
- Shoot Shoot Shoot: The First Decade of the London Film-Makers’ Co-operative and British Avant-Garde Film 1966-1976, London: Lux, 2002.
- Anthologies
- Peter Gidal (ed.), Structural Film Anthology, London: British Film Institute, 1976.
- Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Wheeler Winston-Dixon (eds.), Experimental Cinema: The Film Reader, Routledge, 2002.
- Jackie Hatfield (ed.), Experimental Film and Video: An Anthology, Eastleigh: John Libbey Pub., 2006.
- Books
- Roger Manvell, Experiment in the Film, London: Grey Walls Press, 1949.
- Sheldon Renan, An Introduction to the American Underground Film, New York: Dutton, 1967.
- Gene Youngblood, Expanded Cinema, New York: Dutton, 1970. With an introduction by R. Buckminster Fuller.
- Parker Tyler, Underground Film: A Critical History New York: Grove Press, 1970.
- Birgit Hein, Film im Underground. Von seinen Anfangen bis zum Unabhangigen Kino, Frankfurt: Ullstein, 1971. (in German)
- Jonas Mekas, Movie Journal; The Rise of the New American Cinema, 1959-1971, New York: Macmillan, 1972.
- Gottfried Schlemmer (ed.), Avantgardistischer Film 1951-1971, Theorie, Munich: Hanser, 1973. (in German)
- Hans Scheugl, Ernst Schmidt, Eine Subgeschichte des Films: Lexikon d. Avantgarde-, Experimental- u. Undergroundfilms, Frankurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1974. (in German)
- Jean Mitry, Le Cinema Experimental: Histoire et Perspectives, Paris: Seghers, 1974. (in French)
- Malcolm Le Grice, Abstract Film and Beyond, MIT Press, 1977.
- Ulrich Gregor (ed.), The German Experimental Film of the Seventies, Munich: Goethe-Institut, 1980.
- P. Adams Sitney, Visionary Film: the American Avant-Garde, 1943-2000, Oxford University Press, 1974; Third edition, 2002.
- Martin Walsh, The Brechtian aspect of radical cinema, London: BFI Publishing, 1981.
- Dominique Noguez, Trente Ans de Cinema Experimental en France, 1950-1980, Paris: A.R.C.E.F., 1982. (in French)
- Maureen Cheryn Turim, Abstraction in Avant-garde Films, Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1985.
- Jairo Ferreira, Cinema de Invencao, Sao Paulo: Editora Max Limonad, 1986. (in Portuguese)
- Helge Krarup, Carl Norrested, Eksperimentalfilm i Danmark, Copenhagen: Borgen, 1986. (in Danish)
- Fernao Ramos, Cinema Marginal, 1968-1973: A Representacao em seu Limite, Sao Paulo: Editora Brasiliense, 1987. (in Portuguese)
- Peter Gidal, Materialist Film, Routledge, 1989.
- P. Adams Sitney, Modernist Montage: The Obscurity of Vision in Cinema and Literature, New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.
- Patricia Mellencamp, Indiscretions: Avant-garde Film, Video & Feminism, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
- William C. Wees, Light Moving in Time: Studies in the Visual Aesthetics of Avant-Garde Film, University of California Press, 1992.
- Scott MacDonald, Avant-garde Film: Motion Studies, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
- Edward S. Small, Direct Theory: Experimental Film/Video as Major Genre, SIU Press, 1994, 122 pp.
- James Peterson, Dreams of Chaos, Visions of Order: Understanding the American Avante-garde Cinema, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994.
- Jan-Christopher Horak (ed.), Lovers of Cinema: The First American Film Avant-garde, 1919-1945, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.
- Rudolf E. Kuenzli (ed.), Dada and Surrealist Film, MIT Press, 1996.
- Robert A. Haller (ed.), First Light, New York: Anthology Film Archives, 1998, 108 pp.
- Beatriz Sarlo Sabajanes, La maquina cultural: maestras, traductores y vanguardistas, Buenos Aires: Ariel, 1998. (in Spanish)
- A. L. Rees, A History of Experimental Film and Video: From Canonical Avant-garde to Contemporary British Practice, British Film Institute, 1999.
- Emanuel Levy, Cinema of outsiders: the rise of American independent film, New York: New York University Press, 1999.
- Joan M Minguet Batllori, Cinema, modernitat i avantguarda (1920-1936), Valencia: E. Climent, 2000. (in Spanish)
- Barbara Wilinsky, Sure Seaters: the emergence of art house cinema, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
- Nina Danino, Michael Maziere (eds.), The Undercut reader: critical writings on artists' film and video, London/New York: Wallflower, 2003.
- Lauren Rabinovitz, Points of Resistance: Women, Power & Politics in the New York Avant-garde Cinema, 1943-71, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
- Maurice Lemaitre, 1967-1969, le cafe-cinema Lemaitre : suivi de Huit filmes lettristes, Paris: Paris experimental, 2003. (in French)
- Michael O'Pray, Avant-Garde Film: Forms, Themes and Passions, London/New York: Wallflower, 2003.
- Anna Abrahams, et al. (eds.), Mm2: experimental film in the Netherlands since 1960, Amsterdam: Filmbank, with de Balie, 2004.
- Jeffrey Skoller, Shadows, Specters, Shards. Making History in Avant-Garde Film, University of Minnesota Press, 2005, 233 pp.
- Jean Petrolle, Virginia Wright Wexman (eds.), Women and Experimental Filmmaking, Urbana: University of Illinois, 2005. [1]
- Paul G. Pickowicz, Yingjin Zhang (eds.), From underground to independent: alternative film culture in contemporary China, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.
- Robin Blaetz (ed.), Women's Experimental Cinema: Critical Frameworks, Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. [2]
- P. Adams Sitney, Eyes Upside Down: Visionary Filmmakers and the Heritage of Emerson, 2008.
- R. Bruce Elder, Harmony and Dissent: Film and Avant-garde Art Movements in the Early Twentieth Century, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2008.
- Daniel Barnett, Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film, Rodopi, 2008, 240 pp.
- Bibliographies
See also
- Experimental film in CEE, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Estonia, Lithuania.
- Further bibliography.
- Early cinema, Film labs, Live cinema
- REDIRECT Template:Art and culture