Net art

Artists

Works

Online exhibitions and databases

net-art.org, an online-only exhibition of the early (and continuous) history of Internet art.
Turbulence.org, a premiere web site for net art. From 1996-2016, Turbulence.org commissioned over 220 original net, web and hybrid art works and hosted over 20 real-time, multi-location performances.
Rhizome ArtBase, archive of digital art, freely accessible to the public online. Founded 1999. Catalog.
Net Art Anthology. Presented by Rhizome, 2016-2019. Retelling the history of Net Art from the 1980s through the present day by restaging and contextualizing one key net art project per week. [1]
netart-Datenbank, est. 2000, active through c.2005. Team: Nina Kahnwald, Anna Kohler, Tilman Linden, Thomas Noesler, Sakrowski.
project.Arnolfini, curated by Geoff Cox, 2010.
netpioneers.info: contextualizing early net-based art, research project realized at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Media.Art.Research., Linz, 2007-2009. (archived). Book published.
Gallery 9, Walker Art Center's online exhibition space. Between 1997 and 2003, under the direction of Steve Dietz, Gallery 9 presented the work of more than 100 artists.
Net art commissioned by Guggenheim Museum, 1996-c.2002. (archived)
E.space, online projects commissioned by SFMOMA. Launched 2000. Created by Benjamin Weil with Joseph Rosa. [2] (archived)
Artport. Whitney Museum's portal to Internet art and an online gallery space for commissions of net art and new media art. Originally launched in 2001, Artport provides access to original art works commissioned specifically for artport by the Whitney; documentation of net art and new media art exhibitions at the Whitney; and new media art in the Museum's collection. Created and curated by Christiane Paul. Made an official part of the Whitney Museum collection in 2015. [3]
Tate Intermedia Art, contains the archive of Tate's net art projects from 2000-2011. [4]
BAM/PFA NetArtchive, online exhibition. Presented works by four artists. (archived)
Net.Specific, an online exhibition space for net art, Museum of Contemporary Art, Roskilde, Denmark. Launched Oct 2012.
netart_latino database, a database of Latin-American net artists. Edited by Brian Mackern.
Histories of Internet Art: Fictions and Factions, an online-only exhibition of the early history of Internet art; produced by students of digital art at the University of Colorado's Art and Art History Department, in conjunction with the Alt-X Online Network, ATLAS and blurr.
net.artdatabase, documentation of selected internet-based artworks by recording users in front of their screens as they interact with the work.
netartnet.net, an online-gallery listing and directory. The archive contains current and past exhibitions with dates, links, and press releases.
Why Not Sneeze, eds. Michael Gibbs and Brigitte van der Sande, 1996-1998.
Overview of network art projects and events, compiled by Dušan Barok, 2008.
Digital Canon, 20 works from the Netherlands, 1960-2000, launched 2019. Compiled by LIMA.
Links to net art, compiled by Jim Andrews (VISPO).
The Wrong, digital art biennale, online & worldwide, since 2013. Incl. Very Large Works online show, 2019-2020.
more, more

Selected recent works

2007 subvertr by Les Liens Invisibles. 2008 fuckflikr by Theo Watson, Jamie Wilkinson, and Greg Leuch; China Channel by Aram Bartholl, Evan Roth and tbx (fffff.at); Pirates of the Amazon by tbx and Timo Klok. 2009 Web 2.0 Suicide Machine by moddr; Seppukoo by Les Liens Invisibles; Give Me My Data by Owen Mundy. 2010 Repetitionr by Les Liens Invisibles; Firesheep by Eric Butler; FaceLeaks by Dušan Barok. 2011 Newstweek by Julian Oliver and Danja Vasilev; Piratebox by David Darts; motivo astratto by &; Love Machine by Julien Deswaef.

Catalogues

Net_condition: Art and Global Media, eds. Timothy Druckrey and Peter Weibel, MIT Press, 2000, 398 pp. Exh. held at ZKM Karlsruhe, 23 Sep 1999-27 Feb 2000. [5]
- Net_Condition. Kunst / Politik im Online-Universum, Karlsruhe: ZKM, 1999, 42 pp. Exh. brochure. [6] (German)
Connessioni leggendarie: net.art 1995-2005, ed. Luca Lampo, Milan: ready-made, 2005, 117 pp. [7] (Italian)
Net art 0.1: desmontajes, Badajoz: Consejería de Cultura y Turismo/Junta de Extremadura, 2009, 154 pp. Exh. held at MEIAC, Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo, Badajoz, 21 Nov-28 Feb 2009. (Spanish)/(English)
Virtual Normality. Der weibliche Blick im Zeitalter des Internets, ed. Alfred Weidinger, VfmK, 2018, 208 pp. [8] (German)/(English)
Art in the Age of the Internet, 1989 to Today, ed. Eva Respini, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018, 316 pp. Exh. held at ICA Boston, 7 Feb-20 May 2018. Review: Federici (CAA).
The Art Happens Here: Net Art Anthology, eds. Michael Connor, Aria Dean, and Dragan Espenschied, New York: Rhizome, 2019, 400 pp. Essays by manuel arturo abreu, Josephine Bosma, Megan Driscoll, Ceci Moss, Lila Pagola, Paul Soulellis, Elvia Wilk. [9] [10]

Events

Secret Net.Art Conf, Backspace, London, 29 Jan 1997. Organised by Heath Bunting.
Hybrid Workspace, part of documenta X exhibition, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, 21 Jun-28 Sep 1997.
Net_condition: Art and Global Media exhibition, ZKM Karlsruhe, 23 Sep 1999-27 Feb 2000. Archived exhibition website.
Envy: Can the Center Hold? (net.art per se), panel as part of Sins of Change: Media Arts in Transition, Again symposium, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 8 Apr 2000.
Connessioni Leggendarie: Net.Art 1995-2005, exhibition, Mediateca di Santa Teresa, Via della Moscova, Milan, 20 Oct-10 Nov 2005. Curated by Domenico Quaranta. Interview with curator (Digicult).
Tele-Internet, Ars Electronica, Linz, 2010. Curated by Aram Bartholl.
WJ-Spots / Mal au Pixel Festival, conference on the history and the future of the internet, Paris, Jun 2011.
net.art Painters and Poets, exhibition, City Art Gallery, Ljubljana, Jun-Aug 2014. Curated by Vuk Ćosić and Alenka Gregorić.
Electronic Superhighway (2016-1966): From Experiments in Art and Technology to Art After the Internet, exhibition, Whitechapel Gallery, London, 29 Jan-15 May 2016. Curated by Omar Kholeif. Reviews: Fuller (Mute), Meixnerová (Iluminace, CZ).
Virtual Normality: Female Net Artists 2.0, exhibition, Museum der bildenden Künste Leipzig, 12 Jan-8 Apr 2018. Curated by Sabrina Steinek and Anika Meier. Review: Weier (Springerin).
Art in the Age of the Internet, 1989 to Today exhibition, ICA Boston, 7 Feb-20 May 2018. Curated by Eva Respini and Jeffrey De Blois.
Berlin, Zentrum der Netzkunst - damals und heute, exhibition, panke.gallery, Berlin, 4 Oct-23 Nov 2018. Curated by Robert Sakrowski and Tabea Rossol.
The Art Happens Here: Net Art's Archival Poetics, exhibition, New Museum, New York, 22 Jan-26 May 2019. Based on Rhizome's Net Art Anthology programme. Curated by Michael Connor with Aria Dean. [11]

Literature

Books

Tilman Baumgärtel, net.art. Materialien zur Netzkunst, Nürnberg: Verlag für moderne Kunst, 1999, 179 pp. [12] (German)
- Tīkla māksla, trans. Ilva Skulte, Riga: Petergailis, 2001, 168 pp. (Latvian)
- Net.art: võrgukunsti materjalid, trans. Medea Jerser, Tallinn: Eesti Kunstiakad, 2006, 367 pp. (Estonian)
Margarete Jahrmann, OK Offenes Kulturhaus OÖ (eds.), Art_Server: Stargate to Netculture: Texts and Positions on Netculture and Netart in O.K Center for Contemporary Arts, Linz: O.K Center for Contemporary Arts, 2000, 75 pp. [13] (German)/(English)
Tilman Baumgärtel, net.art 2.0. Neue Materialien zur Netzkunst / New Materials on Art on the Internet, Nürnberg: Verlag für moderne Kunst, 2001, 263 pp. (German)/(English)
Julian Stallabrass, Internet Art: The Online Clash Between Culture and Commerce, London: Tate Publishing, 2003, 168 pp. Reviews: Stimson (NLR), Gere (Art Book).
Marco Deseriis, Giuseppe Marano, Net.art. L'arte della connessione, Milan: ShaKe, 2003, 218 pp. [14] (Italian)
Rachel Greene, Internet Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2004, 224 pp. [15]
- Internet Art, n.d. (Italian)
Joanne Richardson (ed.), An@rchitexts: Voices from the Global Digital Resistance, New York: Autonomedia, 2005.
Annmarie Chandler, Norie Neumark (eds.), At a Distance: Precursors to Art and Activism on the Internet, MIT Press, 2005, xiv+486 pp.
Tatiana Bazzichelli, Networking. La rete come arte, pref. Derrick de Kerckhove, Milan: Costa & Nolan, 2006, 333 pp. (Italian)
- Networking: The Net as Artwork, Aarhus: Aarhus University, 2008, 336 pp.
Tom Corby (ed.), Network Art: Practices and Positions, London: Routledge, 2006, xiv+206 pp. Introduction. [16]. Review: Dieter (Animation).
Inclusiva-net, 3 vols., Madrid: Medialab Prado, 2007-2009. Proceedings. (English)/(Spanish)
Artnode, Jacob Lillemose, Nikolaj Recke (eds.), Vi elsker din computer. En antologi om netkunst, trans. Andreas Brøgger, Copenhagen: Artnode & The Royal Art Academy Copenhagen, 2008, 429 pp. An anthology of writings on net art. TOC. [17] [18] (Danish)
Dieter Daniels, Gunther Reisinger (eds.), Net Pioneers 1.0: Contextualizing Early Net-Based Art, Berlin/New York: Sternberg Press, 2010, 240 pp.
Josephine Bosma, Nettitudes: Let's Talk Net Art, Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, and Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, 2011, 270 pp. Introduction, TOC, [19]. Review: Kluitenberg (Open!), Ciociola (Neural), Cippitelli (Digicult).
Markus Schwander, Reinhard Storz (eds.), Owning Online Art: Selling and Collecting Netbased Artworks, Basel: FHNW, 2010.
Rasa Smite, Creative Networks: In the Rearview Mirror of Eastern European History, Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, 2012. First published in Latvian, 2011.
xtine burrough (ed.), Net Works: Case Studies in Web Art and Design, Routledge, 2012, xx+242 pp.
Juan Martín Prada, Prácticas artísticas e internet en la época de las redes sociales, Madrid: Akal, 2012, 248 pp; 2nd ed., 2015, 271 pp. (Spanish)
Phoebe Adler, Leanne Hayman, Arrate Hidalgo, Dana Saey, Phoebe Stubbs, Nick Warner (eds.), Art and the Internet, London: Black Dog, 2013, 240 pp. TOC. [20]
Omar Kholeif (ed.), You Are Here: Art After the Internet, Manchester: Cornerhouse Books, and London: SPACE, 2014, 256 pp. Publisher, Co-publisher. Reviews: Swift (AQNB), Sumpter (ArtReview), Mutlu (J Curatorial Studies).
Melanie Bühler (ed.), No Internet, No Art: A Lunch Bytes Anthology, Eindhoven: Onomatopee, 2015, 351+[63] pp; 2nd ed., 2018. Publisher, Editor. [21]. Reviews: Kay (AQNB), Roestenburg (INC).
Lauren Cornell, Ed Halter (eds.), Mass Effect: Art and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century, MIT Press, 2015, 528 pp. Anthology. Publisher. Review: Galati (Leonardo).
Marie Meixnerová (ed.), #mm net art, Olomouc: Pastiche Filmz (PAF Edition), 2015, 232 pp. Anthology. Excerpts. Publisher. Facebook. (Czech)
- #mm Net Art: Internet Art in the Virtual and Physical Space of Its Presentation, Brescia: Link Editions, and Olomouc: PAF, 2019, 218 pp. [22]
Annet Dekker, Collecting and Conserving Net Art: Moving beyond Conventional Methods, New York: Routledge, 2018, x+192 pp.
Ceci Moss, Expanded Internet Art: Twenty-First Century Artistic Practice and the Informational Milieu, Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, 160 pp. [23]

Journal issues

kritische berichte 26(1): "Netzkunst", eds. Christoph Danelzik-Brüggemann, Annette Dorgerloh, Brigitte Schoch-Joswig, and Michael Scholz-Hänsel, 1998. TOC, [24]. (German)
AI & Society 14(1): "Database Aesthetics: Issues of Organization and Category in Online Art", ed. Victoria Vesna, 2000.
terminal 101: "Net art, technologie ou création?", Paris: Harmattan, May 2008, 176 pp. [25] (French)
WJ-SPOTS 1: 15 ans de création artistique sur internet / 15 years of web creation, ed. Anne Roquigny, 2011, 132 pp. [26] (French)/(English)
WJ-SPOTS 2: Les artistes s’emparent du réseau / Artists take over the network, ed. Anne Roquigny, 2011, 132 pp. [27] (French)/(English)
frieze d/e 14: "Missing Links: '90s Berlin Net Art", May 2014. Focuses on the 1990s Net art scene in Berlin. [28] [29] (German)/(English)
Springerin 1: "Kritische Netzpraxis", Vienna, Jan 2015. Editorial & TOC. Roundtable. Report from launch debate. (German)

Book chapters, articles, theses, talks, discussions

Joachim Blank, "Netart", 1996.
Tilman Baumgärtel, "Netzkunst bei der Dia Art Foundation", Telepolis, 15 May 1997. (German)
Tilman Baumgärtel, "Immaterialien. Aus der Vor- und Frühgeschichte der Netzkunst", Telepolis 3, Sep 1997, pp 135-151. (German)
Steve Dietz, "Curating (on) the Web", Museums and the Web, Mar 1998.
Benjamin Weil, "Untitled (ÄDA’WEB): A Brief History of äda'web", Minneapolis, MN: Gallery 9/Walker Art Center, 1998.
Robert Atkins, "What is äda'web?", Minneapolis, MN: Gallery 9/Walker Art Center, Sep 1998.
Andrea Scott, "äda through the Looking Glass", Minneapolis, MN: Gallery 9/Walker Art Center, Sep 1998.
Vivian Selbo, "ah, ‘da Process” ... Questions? Some Answers ...", Minneapolis, MN: Gallery 9/Walker Art Center, Sep 1998.
Tilman Baumgärtel, "Das imaginäre Museum. Zu einigen Motiven der Netzkunst", Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Oct 1998, 47 pp, PDF. Discussion paper. (German)
"Art", section in Read Me! ASCII Culture & The Revenge of Knowledge. Filtered by Nettime, New York: Autonomedia, 1999, pp 211-273.
Steve Dietz, "Why Have There Been No Great Net Artists?", 1999.
Matthew Fuller, "Art meet Net, Net meet Art", Tate Online, London, 2000.
Josephine Berry, "Human, all too Posthuman? Net Art and Its Critics", Tate Online, London, 2000.
Rachel Greene, "Web Work: A History of Internet Art", Artforum, May 2000, pp 162-167 & 190. [30] [31]
Josephine Berry, The Thematics of Site-Specific Art on the Net, University of Manchester, 2001, 304 pp. Dissertation.
Verena Kuni, "'Was ist ein Netzkünstler?' Nutzen und Nachteil der Legende vom Künstler im Zeitalter ihrer techno-logischen Reproduzierbarkeit", in Borderline. Strategien und Taktiken für Kunst und soziale Praxis, ed. BBK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 2002, pp 87-108. [32] (German)
Julian Stallabrass, "The Aesthetics of Net.Art", Qui Parle 14:1, Fall/Winter 2003, pp 49-72. A plenary lecture given to the American Society for Aesthetics, Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Oct 2003 (talk).
Christine Paul, "Internet Art and Nomadic Networks", in Paul, Digital Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2003, pp 111-124; repr., upd., as "Internet Art and Networked Art", in Paul, Digital Art, 3rd ed., 2015.
Steve Dietz, "äda’web", in Bits & Pieces Put Together to Present a Semblance of a Whole: Walker Art Center Collections, eds. Joan Rothfuss and Elizabeth Carpenter, Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center, 2005.
Inge Hinterwaldner, "When Windows Attack... Doors Won't Help. Zur Hinterfragung von Bildlichkeit und Interaktivität in der Netzkunst", in Kulturen des Bildes, eds. Birgit Mersmann and Martin Schulz, Munich: Fink, 2006, pp 355-374. (German)
Karen Verschooren, "Internet art, net art, and networked art in relation: Interview with Jon Ippolito", 26 Oct 2006.
Karen A. Verschooren, .art: Situating Internet Art in the Traditional Institution for Contemporary Art, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, 2007, 202 pp. Master thesis.
Steve Dietz, "Curating Net Art", in New Media in the White Cube and Beyond: Curatorial Models for Digital Art, ed. Christiane Paul, University of California Press, 2008. [33]
"Net Art", in Wolf Lieser, Digital Art, Potsdam: Ullmann, 2009; repr. as The World of Digital Art, Potsdam: Ullmann, 2010.
Tina Mariane Krogh Madsen, Keeping Ephemerality Alive: Preserving the Dynamic Materiality of Net Art, Aarhus: University of Aarhus, 2010. Master's thesis. [34]
Cassandra Meers, Assembling Networked Art: A Study of the US, UK and Australia, Sydney: University of New South Wales, 2010, 264 pp. PhD dissertation.
Mary Flanagan, "Play, Participation, and Art: Blurring the Edges", in Context Providers: Conditions of Meaning in Media Arts, eds. Margot Lovejoy, Victoria Vesna, and Christiane Paul, Intellect, 2011, pp 89-100.
Thomas Dreher, "VI.3 Netzkunst im Web", in Dreher, Geschichte der Computerkunst, Munich, 2011-2012. (German)
- "VI.3 Net Art in the Web", in Dreher, History of Computer Art, Munich, 2011-2012.
Jennifer Chan, "From Browser to Gallery (and Back): The Commodification of Net Art 1990-2010", 2012.
Michael Connor, "What's Postinternet Got to Do with Net Art", Rhizome, 1 Nov 2013.
Kris Paulsen, "Ill Communication: Anxiety and Identity in 1990s Net Art", in Come As You Are: Art of the 1990s, University of California Press & Montclair Museum of Art, 2014, pp 65-72.
Dragan Espenschied, "Big Data, Little Narration", Rhizome, 22 Oct 2014.
Sarah Cook, Marialaura Ghidini, "Internet Art (Net Art)", in Oxford Art Online, 22 Sep 2015. [35]
Konrad Becker, Josephine Berry Slater, Felix Stalder, Pauline van Mourik Broekman, "Einsatz der Vernetzung. Ein Roundtable zu 20 Jahren Netzkultur", trans. Thomas Raab, Springerin 1: "Kritische Netzpraxis", 2015; reposted on Eurozine, 11 Feb 2015. (German)
- "Mission Interconnectedness: A Roundtable on 20 Years of Net Culture", Springerin online, 2015; reposted on Eurozine, 17 Mar 2015, PDF.
Marialaura Ghidini, Curating Web-based Art Exhibitions: Mapping their Migration and Integration with Offline Formats of Production, University of Sunderland, 2015, 294 pp. PhD dissertation.
Karin De Wild, et al., "Methods for studying the (after)lives of Internet art" (cont.), list discussion, CRUMB, 14 Nov-31 Dec 2016. Introduction.
Megan Driscoll, "Color Coded: Mendi + Keith Obadike’s Black.Net.Art Actions and the Language of Computer Networks", The Black Scholar 47(3): "Black Code", 2017, pp 56-67.
Emmanuel Guez, Morgane Stricot, Lionel Broye, Stéphane Bizet, "The Afterlives of Network-Based Artworks", Journal of the Institute of Conservation 40:2, 2017, pp 105-120.
Gloria Sutton, Zachary Kaplan, "A Performance of Code: Rhizome and the Rise of Internet Art", VoCA Journal, 30 June 2017. Interview.
Lia Carreira, Experimental Curating in Times of the Perpetual Beta: Strategies and Platforms for Online-based Art, Krems: Danube University Krems, 2017, 138 pp. Master thesis.
Andreas Gajdošík, "Konec průzkumu. Internetové umění v přechodu ke společnosti", Artalk.cz, Prague, 19 Dec 2018. (Czech)
Marialaura Ghidini, "Curating on the Web: The Evolution of Platforms as Spaces for Producing and Disseminating Web-Based Art", Arts 8:3. PDF.

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