Difference between revisions of "Bauhaus"

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* [https://www.bauhaus100.de/ Bauhaus100: 100 Jahre Bauhaus]. A collaboration between Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung in Berlin, Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau, and Klassik Stiftung Weimar, 2019.
 
* [https://www.bauhaus100.de/ Bauhaus100: 100 Jahre Bauhaus]. A collaboration between Bauhaus-Archiv / Museum für Gestaltung in Berlin, Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau, and Klassik Stiftung Weimar, 2019.
 
* [http://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/specials/Bauhausfrauen/ Bauhausfrauen], biographies of Bauhaus women on FemBio.
 
* [http://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/specials/Bauhausfrauen/ Bauhausfrauen], biographies of Bauhaus women on FemBio.
 +
* [https://www.bauhaus-imaginista.org/ bauhaus imaginista], transnational research project, 2018-2020.
 
* [https://www.making-futures.com/ Making Futures Bauhaus+], an action research project that addresses questions of architecture as a collective form and architecture as a resource. Initiated in 2018 by raumlabor and the Berlin University of the Arts.
 
* [https://www.making-futures.com/ Making Futures Bauhaus+], an action research project that addresses questions of architecture as a collective form and architecture as a resource. Initiated in 2018 by raumlabor and the Berlin University of the Arts.
 
* [http://www.baunet-info.com/ Baunet: Bauhaus Networking Ideas and Practice], an international research and exhibition project, coordinated by the Museum of Contemporary Art Zagreb, started 2013.
 
* [http://www.baunet-info.com/ Baunet: Bauhaus Networking Ideas and Practice], an international research and exhibition project, coordinated by the Museum of Contemporary Art Zagreb, started 2013.

Latest revision as of 20:29, 14 April 2024

Walter Gropius, Programm des Staatlichen Bauhauses in Weimar, Apr 1919. 4 p., 32 cm. Cover by Lyonel Feininger. Download (22 MB). Source.
Walter Gropius, Schema zum Aufbau der Lehre am Bauhaus, 1922.
Louis Held, Bauhaus Party at the Gaststätte Ilmschlösschen Tavern near Weimar, 29 November 1924. [1]
Teachers on the Roof of the Bauhaus Studio Building in Dessau, c1926. L-R: Albers, Scheper, Muche, Moholy-Nagy, Bayer, Schmidt, Gropius, Breuer, Kandinsky, Klee, Feininger, Stölzl, Schlemmer.

The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius. Its core objective was a radical concept: to reimagine the material world to reflect the unity of all the arts. Gropius explained this vision for a union of crafts, art and technology in the Programm des Staatlichen Bauhauses Weimar (1919), which described a utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression [Gesamtkunstwerk]. Gropius developed a curriculum that would turn out artisans and designers capable of creating useful and beautiful objects appropriate to this new system of living.

The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design education. The curriculum commenced with a preliminary course that immersed the students, who came from a diverse range of social and educational backgrounds, in the study of materials, colour theory, and formal relationships in preparation for more specialized studies. This preliminary course was often taught by visual artists, including Johannes Itten, László Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Paul Klee, and Wassily Kandinsky, among others.

The workshops included metalworking, weaving, ceramics, carpentry, graphic printing, printing and advertising, photography, glass and wall painting, stone and wood sculpture, and theatre. Among the teachers were also Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Hinnerk Scheper, Joost Schmidt, Gunta Stölzl, and Walter Peterhans. (More about the workshops, classes, and teachers and students.)

In 1925, the Bauhaus moved from Weimar to Dessau. Gropius stepped down as director of the Bauhaus in April 1928, succeeded by the architect Hannes Meyer. Under pressure from an increasingly right-wing municipal government, Meyer resigned as director of the Bauhaus in 1930. He was replaced by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The political situation in Germany, combined with the perilous financial condition of the Bauhaus, caused Mies to relocate the school to Berlin in September 1932, where it operated on a reduced scale. The Bauhaus eventually dissolved itself under pressure from the Nazis in 1933.

During the years of World War II, many of the key figures of the Bauhaus emigrated to the United States, where their work and their teaching philosophies influenced generations of young architects and designers. Marcel Breuer and Josef Albers taught at Yale, Walter Gropius went to Harvard, and Moholy-Nagy established the New Bauhaus in Chicago in 1937. [2] [3]

Protagonists[edit]

Books[edit]

The following nine PDFs are linked from the Bibliothèque Kandinsky which published them online on an unknown date (follow this link to explore the respective entries on its website). This is an important milestone in the digitisation of essential but hard-to-get art publications for the public use and we would like to express our gratitude and appreciation. <3 ! The whole set of these high-quality digital facsimiles is about 1 GB large, if anyone feels like starting a torrent to relieve bandwidth of the library let us know and we'll include your link here (17 Aug 2014). Update: you can now download the whole set in a single ZIP file from here. Thanks to Gabriel Benderski (29 Aug 2014). Update: volumes 3, 5, 6, 14 have now been added as well; they are not part of the ZIP file (7 Jul 2019).


1. Walter Gropius (ed.), Internationale Architektur, 1925. 111 p., 23 cm. PDF (111 MB).
2. Paul Klee, Pädagogisches Skizzenbuch, 1925. 50 p., 23 cm. Log, PDF (33 MB).
3. Adolf Meyer (ed.), Ein Versuchshaus des Bauhauses in Weimar, 1925. 78 p. Log, PDF (44 MB).
4. Die Bühne im Bauhaus, 1925. 84 p., 23 cm. Log, PDF (72 MB).
5. Piet Mondrian, Neue Gestaltung, Neoplastizimus, Nieuwe Beelding, 1925. 66 p. Log, PDF (5 MB).
6. Theo van Doesburg, Grundbegriffe der neuen gestaltenden Kunst, 1925. 40+[26] p. Log, PDF (11 MB).
7. Walter Gropius (ed.), Neue Arbeiten der Bauhauswerkstätten, 1925. 115 p., 23 cm. PDF (118 MB).
8. L. Moholy-Nagy, Malerei, Fotografie, Film, 2nd ed., 1927. 140 p., 23 cm. Log, PDF (131 MB).
9. Kandinsky, Punkt und Linie zu Fläche: Beitrag zur Analyse der malerischen Elemente, 1926. 190 p., 23 cm. PDF (134 MB).
10. J.J.P. Oud, Holländische Architektur, 1926. 107 p., 23 cm. PDF (89 MB).
11. Kasimir Malewitsch, Die gegenstandslose Welt, 1927. 104 p., 24 cm. PDF (84 MB).
12. Walter Gropius, Bauhausbauten Dessau, 1930. 221 p., 23 cm. PDF (222 MB).
13. Albert Gleizes, Kubismus, 1928. 101 p.
14. László Moholy-Nagy, Von Material zu Architektur, 1929. 241 p. Log, PDF (98 MB).
  • 13. Albert Gleizes, Kubismus, Munich: Albert Langen, 1928, 101 pp; repr. in Gleizes, Puissances du cubisme, 1969; repr., Mainz and Berlin: Florian Kupferberg, 1980. Written 1925-28.

Journal[edit]

bauhaus 1:1 (4 Dec 1926). PDF (16 mb).
bauhaus 1:2 (24 Apr 1927). PDF (16 mb).
bauhaus 1:3 (10 Jul 1927). PDF (17 mb).
bauhaus 1:4 (24 Oct 1927). PDF (16 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für bau und gestaltung 2:1 (15 Feb 1928). PDF (24 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 2:2/3 (1 Jul 1928). PDF (45 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 2:4 (1 Oct 1928). PDF (45 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:1 (1 Jan 1929). PDF (42 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:2 (15 May 1929). PDF (42 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:3 (15 Jul 1929). PDF (44 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 3:4 (15 Nov 1929). PDF (42 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 4:1 (Jan 1931). PDF (5 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 4:2 (Jul 1931). PDF (15 mb).
bauhaus: zeitschrift für gestaltung 4:3 (Dec 1931). PDF (8 mb).

The above PDFs were assembled from scans on IADDB.org, with the exception of 4(2) which is sourced from Baunet Reader.

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library hosts partial scan of 1(1), and Baunet Reader offers different scans of 2(1) and 3(1-3) as PDFs.

  • bauhaus, zeitschrift für gestaltung, eds. Walter Gropius and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (1:1-2:1), Ernst Kállai (2:2/3-3:4), Ludwig Hilberseimer (4:1), Josef Albers (4:2), W. Kandinsky (4:3), 14 issues, Dessau, 1926-31; repr., Nendeln: Klaus Reprint, 1977.

Other publications[edit]

Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar, 1919-1923, 1923. Download (325 MB). Source.

(in German unless noted otherwise)

Collections, archives[edit]

On Bauhaus[edit]

Bauhaus 1919-1928, 1938, Log, PDF.
Bauhaus Photography, 1985, Log, PDF.
  • Walter Gropius, The New Architecture and the Bauhaus, trans. P. Morton Shand, London: Faber and Faber, 1935; MIT Press, 1965. (English) Translated from the manuscript in German entitled Die neue Architektur und das Bauhaus. Grundzüge und Entwicklung einer Konzeption.
  • Herbert Bayer, Walter Gropius, Ise Gropius (eds.), Bauhaus 1919–1928, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1938, 224 pp. (English)
  • Walter Gropius, Scope of Total Architecture, New York: Harper & Row, 1955, 185 pp. Selected texts. (English)
    • Alcances de la arquitectura integral, trans. Luis Fabricant, Buenos Aires: La Isla, 1956, 197 pp. (Spanish)
    • Seikatsu kukan no sozo [生活空間の創造], Tokyo: Shōkokusha, 1958, 179 pp. (Japanese)
    • Architekur: Wege zu einer optischen Kultur, afterw. Hans M. Wingler, Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1982, 191+[12] pp. (German)
  • Hans M. Wingler, Das Bauhaus 1919–1933. Weimar, Dessau, Berlin und die Nachfolge in Chicago seit 1937, Cologne: DuMont, and Bramsche: Rasch, 1962; exp.ed., 1968; 3rd ed., 1975. (German)
    • The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago, MIT Press, 1969; 1975; 1978. (English)
    • trans. into Japanese (Tokyo, 1969); Italian (Milan, 1971); Spanish (Barcelona, 1975).
  • 50 Jahre Bauhaus, ed. Wulf Herzogenrath, Stuttgart: Württembergischen Kunstverein, 1968, 368 pp. Catalogue. (German)
    • 50 jaar Bauhaus, Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1968, 363 pp. (Dutch)
    • Bauhaus 1919-1969, Paris: Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, 1969, 361 pp. (French)
    • 50 Years Bauhaus: German exhibition, Pasadena: Pasadena Art Museum, 1970, 364 pp. [5] (English)
    • 50 Jahre Bauhaus, 1971, 405 pp. (Japanese)
    • Bauhaus, Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1974, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Brazilian Portuguese)
    • Bauhaus, trans. Antonio de Zubiaurre, Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1976, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. [6] (Spanish)
    • Bauhaus, Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 1981, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Italian)
    • Bauhaus, Stuttgart: Institut za veze s inostranstvom, 1981, 251 pp. Trans. of abbreviated edition. (Serbo-Croatian)
  • Eckhard Neumann (ed.), Bauhaus und Bauhäusler: Bekenntnisse und Erinnerungen, Bern: Hallwag, 1971, 216 pp; repr., 1985. (German)
    • Bauhaus and Bauhaus People: Personal Opinions and Recollections of Former Bauhaus Members and Their Contemporaries, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970, 256 pp; rev. ed., trans. Eva Richter and Alba Lorman, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, 302 pp. (English)
  • Enzo Collotti, et al., Bauhaus, trans. Dolores Fonseca, Madrid: Alberto Corazón, 1971, 226 pp. (Spanish)
  • Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, Musik am Bauhaus, Berlin: Bauhaus-Archiv, 1978, 20 pp. A lecture given 11 May 1976 at Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin. (German)
  • Bauhaus Fotografie, eds. Egidio Marzona and Roswitha Fricke, Düsseldorf: Marzona, 1982. Contains 500 photographs and selected texts. (German)
    • Bauhaus Photography, trans. Harvey Mendelsohn and Frederick Samson, MIT Press, 1985, xi+315 pp. (English)
  • Rainer Wick, Bauhaus-Pädagogik, Cologne: DuMont, 1982, 335 pp. (German)
    • La pedagogía de la Bauhaus, trans. Belén Bas Álvarez, Madrid: Alianza, 1986, 317 pp. (Spanish)
    • Pedagogia da Bauhaus, trans. João Azenha Jr, Sao Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1989, 464 pp. (Brazilian Portuguese)
  • Frank Whitford, Bauhaus, London: Thames and Hudson, 1984, 216 pp. (English)
    • Le Bauhaus, trans. Catherine Ter-Sarkissian, Paris: Thames and Hudson, 1989, 216 pp. (French)
    • La Bauhaus, trans. José Luis Fernández-Villanueva, Barcelona: Destino, 1991, 216 pp. (Spanish)
    • Das Bauhaus: Selbstzeugnisse von Meistern und Studenten, Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1993, 328 pp. (German)
    • Baohaosi [包豪斯], Beijing: San lian shu dian, 2001. (Chinese)
    • Mpaouchaous, trans. Andreas Pappas, Athens: Ypodomē, 1993, 216 pp. (Greek)
    • Baohaosi [包浩斯], trans. Lin Yuru, Taipei: Shang zhou chu ban, 2010, 251 pp. (Chinese)
    • Baʼohaus, trans. Tami Eylon-Ortal, Tel Aviv: Resling, 2012, 228 pp. (Hebrew)
    • Bauhaus, trans. Martin Pokorný, Rubato, 2015, 236 pp. [7] (Czech)
  • Jeannine Fiedler, Peter Feierabend (eds.), Bauhaus, Potsdam: H.F. Ullmann, 2006, 640 pp. Excerpt. [8] (German)
  • Ulrike Müller, Bauhausfrauen. Meisterinnen in Kunst, Handwerk und Design, Munich: Sandmann, 2009, 160 pp; new ed., rev., Sandmann, 2019, 160 pp. [9] (German)
    • Bauhaus Women: Art, Handicraft, Design, trans. Emer Lettow and Sarah Kane, Paris: Flammarion, 2009, 152 pp. [10] (English)
  • Markéta Svobodová, Bauhaus a Československo 1919-1938: studenti, koncepty, kontakty / The Bauhaus and Czechoslovakia 1919-1938: Students, Concepts, Contacts, Prague: Kant, 2016, 255 pp. [11] (Czech)/(English)
  • Bauhaus and America: Experiments with Light and Movement / Bauhaus und Amerika. Experimente in Licht und Bewegung, Bielefeld: Kerber, 2018. Catalogue. [12] (English)/(German)
  • Elizabeth Otto, Patrick Rössler, Bauhaus Women: A Global Perspective, London: Palazzo, 2019, 192 pp. [13] (English)
    • Frauen am Bauhaus. Die Wegweisende Künstlerinnen der Modern, trans. Birgit van der Avoort, Munich: Knesebeck, 2019, 192 pp. Publisher. (German)
  • Patrick Rössler, Bauhausmädels: A Tribute to Pioneering Women Artists, Taschen, 2019, 480 pp. Publisher. (English)/(French)/(German)
  • Laura A. Frahm, Design in Motion: Film Experiments at the Bauhaus, MIT Press (Leonardo), 2022, 428 pp. Publisher. (English)

Sound recordings[edit]

  • Bauhaus Reviewed 1919-1933, LTM Recordings, 2007, 72 min. English-language interviews with Gropius, Albers and van der Rohe, accompanied by piano pieces written between 1919-1925 by composers associated with the Bauhaus: Schoenberg, Hauer, Antheil, Wolpe and Stuckenschmidt. [14] [15] [16]

Bibliography[edit]

Weimar symposia[edit]

  • 1. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 27. - 29.10. 1976, "50 Jahre Bauhaus Dessau". [17]
  • 2. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 27. - 29.06. 1979, "60 Jahre Gründung Bauhaus". [18]
  • 3. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 5. bis 7. Juli 1983, "Das Bauhauserbe und die gegenwärtige Entwicklung der Architektur : zum 100. Geburtstag von Walter Gropius [19]
  • 4. Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar vom 24. - 26. Juni 1986, "Der wissenschaftlich-technische Fortschritt und die sozial-kulturellen Funktionen von Architektur und industrieller Formgestaltung in unserer Epoche". [20]
  • later editions: [21]

Documentaries[edit]

Links[edit]


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