Video art

Artists, collectives, events

• File:Brown Trisha Watermotor 1978.mkv
• File:D EPOG Farewell here it comes again 2022.mp4
• File:Ihnatowicz Edward 1970 - The Senster.webm
• File:Moholy-Nagy Laszlo 1930 Lightplay Black-White-Grey.webm
• File:Rybczynski Zbigniew 1972 - Kwadrat Square.webm
• File:Rybczynski Zbigniew 1980 - Media.webm
• File:Vavra Otakar 1931 The Light Penetrates the Dark Svetlo pronika tmou.webm
• File:Walter Benjamin Mondrian 63-96 1986.mp4

Artists (cont.)

Peggy Ahwesh, Francis Alÿs, Atlas Group, Yael Bartana, Guy Ben Ner, Sadie Benning, Dara Birnbaum, Colin Campbell, Peter Campus, Aleesa Cohene, Phil Collins, Omer Fast, Fischli & Weiss, General Idea, Douglas Gordon, Dan Graham, Halflifers, Mike Kelley, Michael Klier, Sharon Lockhart, Deirdre Logue, Paul McCarthy, Karen Mirza & Brad Butler, Muntadas, Annabel Nicholson, Dennis Oppenheim, Charlemagne Palestine, Lis Rhodes, Christoph Schlingensief, John Smith, Lisa Steele, Surveillance Camera Players, Sam Taylor-Wood, Ryan Trecartin, Hannah Wilke, Artur Żmijewski.

Archives and distributors

Links point to online catalogues.

• Filmform, Stockholm, est 1950. Dir. Anna-Karin Larsson.
• Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley/Cal., est 1966.
• Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Centre, Toronto, est 1967.
• Anthology Film Archives, New York, est 1970. Dir. John Mhiripiri.
• Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), New York, est 1971.
• Experimental Television Center (ETC), Owego/NY, est 1971.
• Arsenal – Institute for Film and Video Art, Berlin, est c1971.
• Collectif Jeune Cinéma, Arcueil/FR, est 1971.
• Heure Exquise! Centre international pour les arts vidéo, Mons en Baroeul/FR, est 1975.
• Video Data Bank (VDB), Chicago, est 1976.
• Image Forum, Tokyo, est 1977.
• Hallwalls video collection, Buffalo/NY, since 1977.
• Vtape, Toronto, est 1980.
• Video Out Distribution, Vancouver, est 1980.
• Light Cone, Paris, est 1982.
• Video Pool Media Arts Centre, Winnipeg, est 1983.
• AV-arkki. Distribution Centre for Finnish Media Art, Helsinki, est 1989.
• sixpackfilm, Vienna, est 1990.
• Argos Center for Art and Media, Brussels, est 1992.
• Re:Voir, Paris, est 1994.
• Daniel Langlois Foundation, Montréal, est 1997.
• LUX artists' moving image, London, est 2002.
• Center for Visual Music, Los Angeles, est 2003. Dir. Cindy Keefer.
• Hamaca, Barcelona, est 2005.
• imai – inter media art institute, Düsseldorf, est 2006.
• LIMA, Amsterdam, est 2013. Formerly NIMk. Dir. Gaby Wijers.
• Dinamo distribution network of artists' moving image organizations.

more

TV as a Creative Medium, New York, 1969, PDF.

Video Art, Philadelphia, 1975, PDF.

The Video Show, London, 1975, PDF.

Radical Software magazine, 1970-74, Log, PDFs.

Gene Youngblood, Expanded Cinema, 1970, Log, PDF.

The Second Link: Viewpoints on Video in the Eighties, Banff, New York, Amsterdam, Toronto, Long Beach, London, 1983, PDF.

Barbara London, "Video: A Selected Chronology, 1963-1983", 1985, PDF, in Art Journal 45(3): "Video: The Reflexive Medium", 1985, Log, PDF.

Eigenwelt Der Apparatewelt: Pioneers of Electronic Art, Linz, 1992, Log.

Publications

Exhibition catalogues

• TV as a Creative Medium, New York: Howard Wise Gallery, 1969, [8] pp. Commentary: Sturken (Afterimage 1984).
• Video Circuits, McLaughlin Library, University of Guelph, 1973, 21 pp.
• Video Art, ed. David Antin, Philadelphia: Institute of Contemporary Art, 1975. Antin's essay. Exh. held in Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, and Hartford/CT. [1]
• The Video Show: Festival of Independent Video, London: Serpentine Gallery, 1975. Related documents. Hall's review. [2]
• documenta 6, Kassel, 1977.
• Video & Film Manifestatie: kijken en doen, eds. Alexander van Grevenstein and Ton Quik, Maastricht: Bonnefantenmuseum, 1977, [77] pp. Catalogue in 6 parts; for exh. held 11 Feb-20 Mar 1977. (Dutch),(English),(French)
• Cine graphia, la linea in movimento: la fotografia di movimento, il cinema sperimentale, l'arte video: 1° Festival videoart, Locarno / The Line in Movement / La Ligne en mouvement, Locarno: Flaviana, 1980, 117 pp. Festival held 1-10 Aug 1980. (Italian),(English),(French)
• Plan K: Festival international de musique électronique, video et computer art / International Festival voor Elektronische Muziek, Video en Computer Art, Brussels, 1981, 142 pp. [3] (French)/(Dutch)
• Video Maart. Video Studio Jan van Eyck, ed. Elsa Stansfield, Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 1981, 93 pp. David Hall's essay. (Dutch),(English),(French),(German)
• World Wide Video Festival catalogues, The Hague/Amsterdam, 1982ff.
• The Second Link: Viewpoints on Video in the Eighties, ed. Lorne Falk, Banff, CA: Walter Phillips Gallery, Banff Centre School of Fine Arts, 1983, 111 pp. Exh. of 30 works by artists from CA, US, UK, BE, NL, West Germany and PL; curated by Peggy Gale (A Space Toronto), Kathy Huffman (Long Beach), Barbara London (MoMA), Brian MacNevin (Banff), Dorine Mignot (Stedelijk), and Sandy Nairne (ICA London); held at Banff Centre, 8-21 Jul 1983; MoMA, New York, 18 Aug-27 Sep 1983; Stedelijk M, Amsterdam, 9 Sep-16 Oct 1983; A Space, Toronto, 1-29 Oct 1983; Long Beach M of Art, Long Beach, 20 Nov 1983-15 Jan 1984; ICA, London, 16 Dec 1983-15 Jan 1984. Review: Zippay (Art J 1985).
• New American Video Art: A Historical Survey, 1967-1980, ed. John G. Hanhardt, New York: Whitney Museum, 1984, 8 pp.​ Exh. held 13 Jun-1 Jul 1984. [4]
• Video: A Retrospective 1974-1984, ed. Kathy Rae Huffman, Long Beach, CA: Long Beach Museum of Art, 135 pp. Two-part exh. held 9 Sep-4 Nov 1984 and 25 Nov 1984-20 Jan 1985. [5]
• Het Lumineuze beeld / Luminous Image, ed. Gary Schwartz, Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1984, viii+194 pp. Exh. curated by Dorine Mignot; symposium organised by Elsa Stansfield. Exh. of 22 video-installations (17 of them commissioned for the show) by European and American artists; held 14 Sep-28 Oct 1984. Poster. [6]. Video documentation (60 min). Reviews: Zippay (Art J 1985), Duguet & Andrews (Camera Obscura, 1985).
• Vidéo, ed. René Payant, Montreal: Artexte, 1986, 263 pp. Published in conjunction with video installations held in various museums and galleries in Montréal in the fall of 1986. Incl. essay with historical survey of video in 9 countries, and texts of 18 lectures given during the Video 84 symposium. (French)/(English)
• Video and Language. Video as Language, 1986, [6] pp.
• Resolutions: A Critique of Video Art, ed. Patti Podesta, Los Angeles: LACE, 1986. Survey of video works made in the US from 1980-85. [7]
• documenta 8, 3 vols., Kassel: Weber & Weidemeyer, 1987. Catalogue for exh. held 12 Jun-20 Sep 1987. (German)/(English) Issue of Mediamatic dedicated to the exhibition.
• Revision: Art Programmes of European Television Stations, ed. Dorine Mignot, pref. Wim A.L. Beeren, Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1987, 100 pp. Curated by Dorine Mignot. (English)
• The Arts for Television, eds. Kathy Rae Huffman and Dorine Mignot, Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, and Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1987, 104 pp. Historical survey of arts programmes arranged in 6 thematic sections: image, theatre, literature, dance, music, television. Works from 1966-87 by 102 artists from AT, BE, FR, DE, IT, JP, NL, UK, US, YU. Curated by Dorine Mignot (Stedelijk) and Kathy Rae Huffman (Contemporary Art Television Fund Boston), with participation of Julie Lazar (MOCA LA). Exh. held at Stedelijk Amsterdam, 4 Sep-18 Oct 1987; Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles, 6 Oct-15 Nov 1987; MoMA New York, 20 Apr-30 May 1989; Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, 10 Jun-16 Jul 1989.
• Het magnetische beeld, eds. Anke van der Laan and Elsa Stansfield, Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, and Heerlen: Heerlen, 1988. Exh. held at Stadsgalerij Heerlen, 9 Oct-20 Nov 1988, 48 pp. [8] (Dutch)/(English)
• Video Art: Expanded Forms, ed. John G. Hanhardt, New York: Whitney Museum of American Art at Equitable Center, 1988, [8] pp. Curator's essay in Leonardo (1990).
• Video-Skulptur: retrospektiv und aktuell 1963-1989, eds. Wolf von Herzogenrath and Edith Decker, Cologne: DuMont, 1989, 326 pp. Exh. held at Kölnischer Kunstverein, Kunststation St. Peter, Belgisches Haus and DuMont Kunsthalle Cologne, 18 Mar-23 Apr 1989; Berlin; Kunsthaus Zürich, 13 Oct-12 Nov 1989. (German)
• Imago, fin de siècle in Dutch Contemporary Art, ed. & intro. René Coelho, 's Gravenhague: Rijksdienst beeldende kunst, and Amsterdam: Mediamatic Foundation, 1990, 100 pp. Special issue of Mediamatic, 5(1/2). (English)/(Dutch)
• Passages de l'image, eds. Raymond Bellour, Catherine David and Christine van Assche, Paris: Centre Pompidou, 1990, 191 pp. Exh. curated by Bellour, David and Assche; held at Musée national d'art moderne, Galeries contemporaines, 19 Sep-18 Nov 1990; salle Garance, 12 Sep-15 Oct 1990. (French)
  • Passages de l'image, Barcelona: Centre Cultural de la Fundació Caixa de Pensions, 1991, 280 pp. Exh. held at Fundació Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, 12 Feb-28 Mar 1991; Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus/OH, 1 Jun-27 Oct 1991; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 6 Feb-12 Apr 1992. (English)/(Catalan)
• Video Positive, Liverpool, 1991. Review: Partridge (Variant 1991).
• Video Spaces: Eight Installations, ed. Barbara London, New York: MoMA, 1995. Exh. held at MoMA, 21 Jul-12 Sep 1995. Online companion. (English)
• Mediascape, New York: Guggenheim Museum, and Karlsruhe: ZKM, 1996. Exh. held at Guggenheim Museum SoHo, 14 June-15 Sep 1996.
• '2' the Second: Time Based Art from the Netherlands, Amsterdam: Netherlands Media Art Institute / MonteVideo TBA, 1997, 60 pp. With CD. (English)
• L'art vidéo 1980-1999: vingt ans du VideoArt Festival, Locarno: recherches, théories, perspectives, ed. Vittorio Fagone, Milan: Mazzotta, 1999, 430 pp. (French)
• Seeing Time: Selections from the Pamela and Richard Kramlich Collection of Media Art, ed. Karen Jacobson, San Francisco: SFMOMA, 1999, 179 pp. Exh. held 15 Oct 1999-9 Jan 2000. [9] [10] [11]
• Video Acts: Single Channel Works from the Collections of Pamela and Richard Kramlich and New Art Trust, eds. Klaus Biesenbach with Barbara London and Christopher Eamon, New York: PS1 Contemporary Art Center, 2002, 311 pp. Exh. held 10 Nov 2002-Apr 2003. [12]
• 30 jaar Nederlandse videokunst / Thirty Years of Dutch Video Art, Amsterdam: Nederlands Instituut voor Mediakunst, MonteVideo/Time Based Arts, 2003. Exh. held 11 Jan-8 Mar 2003. (Dutch),(English)
• Arte del video: il viaggio dell'uomo immobile: videoinstallazioni, videoproiezioni, eds. Vittorio Fagone, Sandra Solimano and Lorenzo Bianda, Lucca: Fondazione Ragghianti Studi sull'Arte, 2004. Exh. held at Fondazione Ragghianti, Lucca, 21 Mar-23 May 2004.. (Italian)/(English)
• California Video: Artists and Histories, ed. Glenn Phillips, Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2008, 312 pp. Exh. held at J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, 15 Mar-8 Jun 2008. (English)
• TV ARTS TV: The Television Shot by Artists, ed. Valentina Valentini, Madrid: La Fábrica, and Barcelona: Arts Santa Mònica, 2010, 160 pp.
• Vidéo Vintage 1963–1983: une sélection de vidéos fondatrices des collections nouveaux médias du Musée National d'Art Moderne Centre Pompidou, ed. Christine Van Assche, Paris: Centre Pompidou, 2012, 64 pp. Retrospective presenting the first two decades of video art production held in the collection of Centre Pompidou. [13]. Exh. held at Centre Pompidou, 8 Feb-7 May 2012; ZKM Karlsruhe; Beirut Art Center; MMCA Seoul. (French)

Conferences and symposia

• Transcript of the Whitney Video Conference sponsored by NYSCA on April 1 & 2, 1974, New York State Council on the Arts, [1975], n.p.
• Transcript from The International Video Art Symposium, 5-7 March 1979, Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University, 1979, 69 pp.
• The Media Arts in Transition, ed. Bill Horrigan, Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1983, 63 pp. Conference held 8-11 Jun 1983. Programme. Part on preservation. Speakers and registrants.

Miscellaneous

• OffLine: A Retrospective 1990-2003, Ithaca/NY, c2003, 56 pp. About an US national cable television program for video art. Episode guide, [14].

Artists' writings

Magazines

• Radical Software magazine, 11 issues, 1970-74, Log, PDFs.
• Avalanche 9: "Video Performance", ed. Liza Bear, New York: Kineticism Press, May-Jun 1974, 29 pp. [15]
• Mediamatic, quarterly, eds. Willem Velthoven and Jans Possel, Groningen (1985-Jan 1987) & Amsterdam (Apr 1987-2007): Mediamatic, Dec 1985-2007.

Monographs

• Dan Graham, Video-Architecture-Television: Writings on Video and Video Works 1970-1978, Halifax: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art & Design, 1979. Lead essay.
• Hollis Frampton, Circles of Confusion: Film/Photography/Video Texts 1968-1981, foreword Annette Michelson, Visual Studies Workshop Press, 1983, 200 pp.
• On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton, ed. Bruce Jenkins, MIT Press, 2009, 360 pp.

Anthologies

• Video Art: An Anthology, eds. Ira Schneider and Beryl Korot, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976. Contributions from 70 video artists.

Art history and theory

Books

• Gene Youngblood, Expanded Cinema, intro. R. Buckminster Fuller, New York: Dutton, 1970, 432 pp.
  • Cine expandido, Buenos Aires: Eduntref, 2012, 456 pp. [16] (Spanish)
  • Expanded cinema, trans. Pier Luigi Capucci and Simonetta Fadda, Bologna: CLUEB, 2013, xvi+388 pp. (Italian)
• Michael Shamberg, Raindance Corporation, Guerrilla Television, New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt Rinehart and Winstin, 1971. [17]
• Paul Ryan, Birth And Death And Cybernation: Cybernetics of the Sacred, New York: Gordon & Breach, 1973.
• Peggy Gale (ed.), Video by Artists, intro. Tom Sherman, Toronto: Art Metropole, 1976, 223 pp. [18] [19]
• Johanna Gill, Video: State of the Art, Rockefeller Foundation, 1976, 56 pp, HTML.
• Jonathan Price, Video Visions: A Medium Discovers Itself, New York: New American Library, 1977.
• Gregory Battcock (ed.), New Artists' Video: A Critical Anthology, New York: E.P.Dutton, 1978, xxii+198 pp. [20]
• Bettina Gruber, Maria Vedder (eds.), Kunst und Video: Internationale Entwicklung und Künstler, Cologne: DuMont, 1983, 264 pp. Incl. 7 essays on communications theory and video history, color plates (8 pp), statements, photographs, biographies, videographies, and bibliographies for 61 artists. Review: Zippay (Art J 1985). (German)
• John Hanhardt (ed.), Video Culture: A Critical Investigation, Layton, UT: Peregrine Smith Books, and Rochester, NY: Visual Studies Workshop Press, 1986, 296 pp, OL.
• Deidre Boyle, Video Classics: A Guide to Video Art and Documentary Tapes, Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1986, xxii+160 pp.
• Elke Town (ed.), Video by Artists, 2, Toronto: Art Metropole, 1986, 151 pp. A companion to the 1976 book publication. [21]
• Wolfgang Preikschat, Video. Die Poesie der Neuen Medien, Weinheim: Beltz, 1987, 188 pp. Review: Hoffman (MW). (German)
• Lori Zippay (ed.), Artists' Video: An International Guide, New York: Cross River Press, 1991, 272 pp.
• Doug Hall, Sally Jo Fifer (eds.), Illuminating Video: An Essential Guide to Video Art, New York: Aperture Press, 1991. Rosler's essay, Morse's essay, Sturken's essay.
• David Dunn (ed.), Eigenwelt Der Apparatewelt: Pioneers of Electronic Art, Santa Fe: The Vasulkas, 1992, 240 pp.
• Rewind: Surveying the First Decade: Video Art and Alternative Media in the U.S., 1968-1980, ed. Gary Hill, Chicago: Video Data Bank, 1995, Excerpt; new ed., eds. Abina Manning and Brigid Reagan, Chicago: Video Data Bank, 2008, 150 pp.
• Christine Ross, Images de surface: l'art vidéo reconsidéré, Montréal: Artexte, 1996, 142 pp. Based on dissertation from Université Paris I. (French)
• Michael Renov, Erika Suderburg (eds.), Resolutions: Contemporary Video Practices, University of Minnesota Press, 1996, 448 pp. [22]
• Deidre Boyle, Subject to Change: Guerrilla Television Revisited, Oxford University Press, 1997.
• The Undercut Reader: Critical Writings on Artists' Film and Video, eds. Nina Danino and Michael Mazière, London: Wallflower Press, 2003. [23]
• Michael Rush, Video Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2003; rev.ed., 2007. Introduction + Chapter 1, Chapter 2.
• Yvonne Speilmann, Video: das reflexive Medium, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005. (German)
  • Video: The Reflexive Medium, trans. Anja Welle and Stan Jones, MIT Press, 2007, 384 pp. TOC, Index, [24].
• Chris Meigh-Andrews, A History of Video Art, Berg 2006; 2nd ed., Bloomsbury, 2014, 387 pp.
• Nancy Cain, Video Days and What We Saw Through the Viewfinder, Palm Springs: Event Horizon Press, 2011.
• Glenn Phillips (ed.), California Video: Artists and Histories, Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2008, 312 pp. [25] [26]
• Erika Suderburg, Ming-Yuen S. Ma (eds.), Resolutions 3: Global Networks of Video, University of Minnesota Press, 2012, 408 pp. [27]
• Paul Hegarty, Rumour and Radiation: Sound in Video Art, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014.
• Kathy High, Sherry Miller Hocking, Mona Jimenez (eds.), The Emergence of Video Processing Tools, 2 vols., Intellect, 2014. [28]. Review: Pearlman (Leonardo).
• Helen Westgeest, Video Art Theory: A Comparative Approach, Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
• Malin Hedlin Hayden, Video Art Historicized: Traditions and Negotiations, Ashgate, 2015. [29]
• Gabrielle Jennings (ed.), Abstract Video: The Moving Image in Contemporary Art, forew. Kate Mondloch, University of California Press, 2015.
• Omar Kholeif (ed.), Moving Image, London: Whitechapel Gallery, 2015, 239 pp.
• Erika Balsom, After Uniqueness: A History of Film and Video Art in Circulation, Columbia University Press, 2017, 312 pp.

Journal issues

• Studio International: "Video Art", ed. David Hall, London, May-Jun 1976. Essays: D Hall, Krikorian, Krikorian, S Hall & Hopkins, Leggett, Leggett, Chaimowitz, Hoey, Kidel.
• Art Journal 45(3): "Video: The Reflexive Medium", ed. Sara Hornbacher, Fall 1985, 93 pp.
• Art Journal 65(3): "Forty Years of Video Art", ed. Yvonne Spielmann, Fall 2006.

Book chapters, Papers, Articles

• Douglas Davis, "The New Audience: Television and Videotape", in Davis, Art and the Future, New York and Washington: Praeger, 1973, pp 84-91.
• Rosalind Krauss, "Video: The Aesthetics of Narcissism", October 1 (Spring 1976), pp 50-64.
• Martha Rosler, "Video: Shedding the Utopian Moment", in Vidéo, ed. René Payant, Montréal: Artexte, 1986; repr. in Block 11, London, 1985-86; repr. in Illuminating Video: An Essential Guide to Video Art, eds. Doug Hall and Sally Jo Fifer, New York: Aperture Press, 1991, pp 30-50. Originally delivered as a talk, "Shedding the Utopian Moment: The Museumization of Video", at the conference Vidéo '84 at the Université de Québec à Montréal.
• Paul Ryan, "A Genealogy of Video", Leonardo 21:1 (1988), pp 39-44.
• Margaret Morse, "Video Installation Art: The Body, The Image, and the Space-in-Between", in Illuminating Video: An Essential Guide to Video Art, eds. Doug Hall and Sally Jo Fifer, New York: Aperture Press, 1991, pp 152-167.
• Chris Hill, "Attention! Production! Audience! —Performing Video in its First Decade, 1968-1980", vdb.org, 1996; revised version, in Surveying the First Decade DVD, 2008.
• Kate Horsfield, "Busting the Tube: A Brief History of Video Art", ch 1 in Feedback: The Video Data Bank Catalog of Video Art and Artist Interviews, eds. Kate Horsfield and Lucas Hilderbrand, Temple University Press, 2006, pp 7-16. [30]
• Christine Mehring, "Television Art's Abstract Starts: Europe circa 1944-1969", October 125 (Summer 2008), pp 29-64.
• Kris Paulsen, "California Video", X-TRA 11:1, Sep 2008, pp 32-38.
• Ege Berensel, "Video Art from ’Monitor-Sculpture‘ to ’Video-Sculpture", Goethe.de, 2012.
• Erika Balsom, "Original Copies: How Film and Video Became Art Objects", Cinema Journal 53:1 (Fall 2013), pp. 97-118.

Bibliography and Chronology

• "Video Rewind: A Seminar on Early Video History", c1983, 12 pp. With a bibliography and U.S. chronology.
• Barbara London, "Video: A Selected Chronology, 1963-1983", Art Journal 45(3): "Video: The Reflexive Medium" (Autumn 1985), pp 249-262.

Dissertations

• James A. Nadeau, The Medium is the Medium: The Convergence of Video, Art and Television at WGBH (1969), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2006. [31]

More

• Publications on video at Monoskop Log
• Publications on video art at Monoskop Log
• Texts compiled by Experimental TV Center, [32]

Resources

• The Early Video Project by Davidson Gigliotti.
• Experimental Television Center: Video History Project
• Video as Urban Condition
• Video Circuits, blog for and about electronic video artists.
• A Chronology of Events in the First Two Decades of British Video Art
• EWVA European Women’s Video Art of the 1970s and 1980s.

See also

• Video activism, VJing
• Video in CEE (bibliography), Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia (2), Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania.

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