Difference between revisions of "Otto Neurath"

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Otto Neurath (1882–1945) was an Austrian philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist. Before he was to flee his native country in 1934, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the [[Vienna Circle]].
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'''Otto Neurath''' (1882, Vienna – 1945, Oxford) was an Austrian economist, economic-historian, Wiener-Kreis philosopher and briefly a politician (he served as a minister under the Bavarian Council Republic). Before he was to flee his native country in 1934, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the [[Vienna Circle]].
  
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; Literature
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{{TOC limit|3}}
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* with Gerd Arntz, ''[http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at/pdf/Atlas_Neurath_Gesellschaft_und_Wirtschaft.pdf Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft]'', Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1930. (in German) [http://libcom.org/library/atlas-gesellschaft-und-wirtschaft]
 
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* Otto Neurath, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=7633 International Picture Language: The First Rules of Isotype]'', 1936.
 
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* Nader Vossoughian, ''Otto Neurath: The Language of the Global Polis'', Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2008. [http://www.naipublishers.nl/architectuur/neurath_nl.html]
 
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* Jordi Cat, "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neurath/ Otto Neurath]", ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.
 
  
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; See also
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In 1924, he opened the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (GeWiMu) in Vienna, where he devised the Wiener method of visual statistics or isotypes. His objective was to help workers become aware of the economic reality. Two years afterwards he encountered the artist [[Gerd Arntz]], known primarily as a member of the [[Cologne Progressives]] group, who settled in Vienna in 1929 to elaborate Neurath’s ideas. When Neurath established the sister institute Isostat in Moscow, Arntz joined him there for extended periods. In 1934 both their operations in Vienna and Moscow were discontinued almost simultaneously. After the civil war in February, the Austro-fascist government of Dolfuss shut down the red GeWiMu – located in the Volkshalle of the Viennese town hall. In Moscow the Isostat fell out of favour, when socialist realism prevailed over ‘anonymity’ and the ‘Western, constructivist, decadent designs.’
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Both Neurath and Arntz fled to The Hague, where they compiled statistics for [[N.W. Posthumus]] (founder of the International Institute of Social History) in the years 1932-36. In May 1940 Neurath escaped to London, where he ran his fourth institute, the Isotype Institute, from 1942 until his death in 1945. Gerd Arntz took a job at the CBS and attended the review exhibition of his work at the Haags Gemeentemuseum in 1975. (from a [http://socialhistory.org/sites/default/files/docs/publications/newsletter-13.pdf newsletter of the International Institute of Social History])
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[[Image:Arntz_Gerd_Neurath_Otto_et_al_Gesellschaft_und_Wirtschaft_Bildstatistisches_Elementarwerk.jpg|thumb|350px|Gerd Arntz, Otto Neurath, et al., ''Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft: Bildstatistisches Elementarwerk'', 1930, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10828 Log], [[Media:Arntz_Gerd_Neurath_Otto_et_al_Gesellschaft_und_Wirtschaft_Bildstatistisches_Elementarwerk.pdf|PDF]].]]
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[[Image:Neurath_Otto_International_Picture_Language.jpg|thumb|350px|''International Picture Language: The First Rules of Isotype'', 1936, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=7633 Log], [[Media:Neurath_Otto_International_Picture_Language.pdf|PDF]].]]
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==Publications==
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* with Gerd Arntz, et al., ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=10828 Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft - Bildstatistisches Elementarwerk]'', Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1930. {{de}}
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* "Bildstatistik nach Wiener Methode", ''Die Volksschule'' 27:12, 1931, pp 569-579. {{de}}
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** [[Media:Neurath Otto 1931 2017 Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method.pdf|"Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method"]], ''ARTMargins'' 6:1, Feb 2017, pp 108-118. [https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTM_a_00169] {{en}}
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* editor, ''Einheitswissenschaft'' book series, 1933-1939. {{de}}
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** ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=4ef7f67b2d0d9084a946bcce37c7524d Unified Science: The Vienna Circle Monograph Series originally edited by Otto Neurath, now in an English edition]'', intro. Rainer Hegselmann, trans. Hans Kaal, ed. Brian McGuinness, Dordrecht: Reidel, 303 pp. {{en}}
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* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=7633 International Picture Language: The First Rules of Isotype]'', 1936. {{en}}
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* ''Modern Man in the Making'', Alfred A. Knopf, 1939, 160 pp; repr., facs., Zürich: Lars Müller, 2024. [https://www.lars-mueller-publishers.com/modern-man-making Publisher]. {{en}}
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* ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=19B223F6BA6A567708B17D8F75D83914 Philosophical Papers 1913-1946: With a Bibliography of Neurath in English]'', Dordrecht: Reidel, 1983. {{en}}
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* ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9364420AC96B50FF5392BB0C62F6E7FF Economic Writings: Selections, 1904-1945]'', Springer, 2004. {{en}}
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* ''From Hieroglyphics to Isotype: A Visual Autobiography'', eds. Matthew Eve and Christopher Burke, Hyphen Press, 2011, 224 pp. {{en}}
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* [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/neurath/ More]
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==Literature==
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===Books, catalogues===
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* Nancy Cartwright, Jordi Cat, Lola Fleck, Thomas E. Uebel, ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=179C7ED9822F1556CE8D8506868EA3CF Otto Neurath: Philosophy Between Science and Politics]'', Cambridge University Press, 1996. Reviews: [http://www.jstor.org/stable/687757 Mormann] (BJPS 1997), [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02698599808573591?journalCode=cisp20 Okruhlik] (ISPS 1997), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2998500 Ryckman] (PhilRev 1998). {{en}}
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* Elisabeth Nemeth, Stefan W. Schmitz, Thomas E. Uebel (eds.), ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9cdb60c6d799f46ab722f49ca5343f9e Otto Neurath's Economics in Context]'', Springer, 2007. {{en}}
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* Nader Vossoughian, ''Otto Neurath: The Language of the Global Polis'', Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2008, 176 pp. [http://www.naipublishers.nl/architectuur/neurath_nl.html] Reviews: [http://academia.edu/2318721 Miller] (MM 2010), [http://sci-hub.st/10.1111/j.1531-314X.2010.01119.x Theodore] (JAE 2010), [http://sci-hub.st/10.1162/DESI_r_00060 Young Lee] (DI 2011), [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/books/review/the-design-of-symbols.html?_r=0 Heller] (NYT 2011), [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:YFLmGALhotkJ:techcomm.stc.org/wp-content/force-download.php%3Ffile%3Duploads/2012/11/5BookReview_TechComm_Nov4thQrt_WEB.pdf Crawley] (TechComm 2012), [http://sci-hub.st/10.1177/0042098013497275 Ruedi Ray] (UrbStud 2013). {{en}}
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* Sophie Elisabeth Hochhäusl, ''[http://txt.architekturtheorie.eu/otto-neurath-city-planning-sophie-hochhaeusl/?lang=en Otto Neurath - City Planning: Proposing a socio-political Map for Modern Urbanism]'', Innsbruck University Press, 2011, [http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=12b982530f3fb9d50ca86952873c40cc PDF]. {{en}}
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* ''Bildfabriken: Infografik 1920-1945: Fritz Kahn, Otto Neurath et al.'', eds. Helena Doudova, Stephanie Jacobs, and Patrick Rössler, Leipzig: Spector Books, 2018, 176 pp. Catalogue, texts by Stephanie Jacobs, Patrick Rössler, Helena Doudova, Bernd Stiegler, Otto Neurath. [http://spectorbooks.com/bildfabriken] {{de}}
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** ''Image Factories: Infographics 1920-1945: Fritz Kahn, Otto Neurath et al.'', Leipzig: Spector Books, 2018, 176 pp. [http://spectorbooks.com/image-factories] {{en}}
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===Book chapters, articles, theses===
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* Marie Neurath, [http://isotyperevisited.org/1955/03/memorandum-on-training-for-visual-education.html "Memorandum on training for visual education"], [12 Mar 1955]. Manuscript. {{en}}
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* Nader Vossoughian, [http://www.academia.edu/3127404 "The Language of the World Museum: Otto Neurath, Paul Otlet, Le Corbusier"], ''Transnational Associations'' 1-2 (January-June 2003), Brussels, pp 82-93. {{en}}
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* Frank Hartmann, [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/texte/MTP_Hartmann.pdf "Humanization of Knowledge Through the Eye"], in ''Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy'', eds. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, 2005, pp 698-707. {{en}}
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* Frank Hartmann, [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/neurath/hartmann_neurath.html "The Power of Pictograms"], ''Stroom'', The Hague, 31 Oct 2006. {{en}}
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* Frank Hartmann, [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/neurath/Hartmann_Visualizing.pdf "Visualizing Social Facts: Otto Neurath's ISOTYPE Project"], in ''European Modernism and the Information Society'', ed. W. Boyd Rayward, Ashgate, 2008, pp 279-293. {{en}}
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* Wim Jansen, "Neurath, Arntz and ISOTYPE: The Legacy of Art, Design and Statistics", ''Journal of Design History'' 22:3 (2009), pp 227-242. {{en}}
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* Jordi Cat, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neurath/ "Otto Neurath"], in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', 2010. {{en}}
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* Eric Kindel, Sue Walker, "Isotope Revisited", ''Progetto grafico'' 18 (Sep 2010); repr. in ''Progetto grafico international'' 19 (Mar 2011). {{en}}
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* Christopher Burke, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2189 "The Linguistic Status of Isotype"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Sophie Hochhäusl, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2191 "Otto Neurath: Mapping the City as a Social Fact?"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Eric Kindel, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2192 "Reaching the People: Isotype Beyond the West"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Hadwig Kraeutler, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2193 "Rondom Rembrandt and Beyond: On Otto Neurath’s Isotype Contributions to Visual Communication and Museum Learning"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Elisabeth Nemeth, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2196 "Scientific Attitude and Picture Language: Otto Neurath on Visualisation in Social Sciences"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011, pp 59-83. {{en}}
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* Sybilla Nikolow, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2197 "'Words Divide, Pictures Unite'. Otto Neurath's Pictorial Statistics in Historical Context"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Friedrich Stadler, [http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/view/2199 "Written Language and Picture Language ''after'' Otto Neurath--Popularising or Humanising Knowledge?"], in ''Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science and the Arts, 2'', eds. Richard Heinrich, et al., Frankfurt: Ontos, 2011. {{en}}
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* Erwin Dekker, [http://www.denktankvizier.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Dekker-The-Intellectual-Networks-of-Otto-Neurath.pdf "The Intellectual Networks of Otto Neurath: Between the Coffeehouse and Academia"], ''European Studies'' 32 (2014), pp 103-121. {{en}}
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* Fabian Tompsett, [[Media:Tompsett_Fabian_2015_Encyclopedism_for_Development.pdf|''Encyclopedism for Development: From the Unity of Science Movement to Cybernetics'']], University of East London, 2015, 71 pp. Master's thesis. {{en}}
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* Johan Frederik Hartle, [[Media:Hartle Johan Frederik 2017 Otto Neuraths Visual Politics.pdf|"Otto Neurath's Visual Politics: An Introduction to “Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method”"]], ''ARTMargins'' 6:1, Feb 2017, pp 98-107. [https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTM_a_00168] {{en}}
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* Andrea Alberto Dutto, [http://dx.doi.org/10.7480/footprint.11.1.1175 "The Pyramid and the Mosaic: Otto Neurath's Encyclopedism as a Critical Model"], ''Footprint'' 20, Delft, Spring/Summer 2017. {{en}}
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* [http://nyit.academia.edu/NaderVossoughian More writings on Neurath by Nader Vossoughian]
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* [http://isotyperevisited.org/texts/index.html More]
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; Bibliographies
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* [http://www.neha.nl/neurath/writings.php Bibliography] [http://www.neha.nl/neurath/biblio.php]
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* [http://www.stroom.nl/media/BibliografieNeurath.pdf Bibliography]
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==See also==
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* [[Gerd Arntz]]
 
* [[Otto and Marie Neurath Isotype Collection]]
 
* [[Otto and Marie Neurath Isotype Collection]]
  
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; External links
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==Links==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Neurath Neurath at Wikipedia]
 
 
* [http://www.neha.nl/neurath/ The Otto Neurath Bibliography Pictorial Statistics]
 
* [http://www.neha.nl/neurath/ The Otto Neurath Bibliography Pictorial Statistics]
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* [http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at/wminorne.htm Neurath's page at WirtschaftsMuseum] (in German)
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* [http://www.wirtschaftsmuseum.at/wminorne.htm Neurath's page at WirtschaftsMuseum] {{de}}
 
* [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/neurath/ Neurath at MedienPhilosophie.net]
 
* [http://www.medienphilosophie.net/neurath/ Neurath at MedienPhilosophie.net]
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* [http://isotyperevisited.org/exhibition/ Isotype: International Picture Language] exhibiton, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, Dec 2010-Mar 2011.
 
* [http://www.stroom.nl/media/81624_BIOGRAPHY_OttoNeurathPIX.pdf Otto Neurath (1882-1945): A brief biography]
 
* [http://www.stroom.nl/media/81624_BIOGRAPHY_OttoNeurathPIX.pdf Otto Neurath (1882-1945): A brief biography]
 
* [http://www.stroom.nl/webdossiers/webdossier.php?wd_id=3530772 Web dossier: After Neurath] at Stroom Den Haag
 
* [http://www.stroom.nl/webdossiers/webdossier.php?wd_id=3530772 Web dossier: After Neurath] at Stroom Den Haag
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Neurath Neurath at Wikipedia]
  
 
[[Category:Graphic_design|Neurath, Otto]]
 
[[Category:Graphic_design|Neurath, Otto]]

Latest revision as of 13:43, 8 January 2024

Otto Neurath (1882, Vienna – 1945, Oxford) was an Austrian economist, economic-historian, Wiener-Kreis philosopher and briefly a politician (he served as a minister under the Bavarian Council Republic). Before he was to flee his native country in 1934, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle.

In 1924, he opened the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (GeWiMu) in Vienna, where he devised the Wiener method of visual statistics or isotypes. His objective was to help workers become aware of the economic reality. Two years afterwards he encountered the artist Gerd Arntz, known primarily as a member of the Cologne Progressives group, who settled in Vienna in 1929 to elaborate Neurath’s ideas. When Neurath established the sister institute Isostat in Moscow, Arntz joined him there for extended periods. In 1934 both their operations in Vienna and Moscow were discontinued almost simultaneously. After the civil war in February, the Austro-fascist government of Dolfuss shut down the red GeWiMu – located in the Volkshalle of the Viennese town hall. In Moscow the Isostat fell out of favour, when socialist realism prevailed over ‘anonymity’ and the ‘Western, constructivist, decadent designs.’

Both Neurath and Arntz fled to The Hague, where they compiled statistics for N.W. Posthumus (founder of the International Institute of Social History) in the years 1932-36. In May 1940 Neurath escaped to London, where he ran his fourth institute, the Isotype Institute, from 1942 until his death in 1945. Gerd Arntz took a job at the CBS and attended the review exhibition of his work at the Haags Gemeentemuseum in 1975. (from a newsletter of the International Institute of Social History)

Gerd Arntz, Otto Neurath, et al., Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft: Bildstatistisches Elementarwerk, 1930, Log, PDF.
International Picture Language: The First Rules of Isotype, 1936, Log, PDF.

Publications[edit]

  • Modern Man in the Making, Alfred A. Knopf, 1939, 160 pp; repr., facs., Zürich: Lars Müller, 2024. Publisher. (English)
  • From Hieroglyphics to Isotype: A Visual Autobiography, eds. Matthew Eve and Christopher Burke, Hyphen Press, 2011, 224 pp. (English)

Literature[edit]

Books, catalogues[edit]

Book chapters, articles, theses[edit]

Bibliographies

See also[edit]

Links[edit]

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