Difference between revisions of "Norbert Wiener"

From Monoskop
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(32 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
'''Norbert Wiener''' (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was Professor of Mathematics at MIT. Wiener is considered the father of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society.
+
[[Image:Norbert_Wiener.jpg|thumb|350px|Norbert Wiener in the MIT classroom with the tricycle cart. LIFE magazine.]]
 +
'''Norbert Wiener''' (26 November 1894, Columbia, Missouri, United States – 18 March 1964, Stockholm, Sweden) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was Professor of Mathematics at MIT. Wiener is considered the father of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society.
  
 
==Biography==
 
==Biography==
−
(taken from ''Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener - Father of Cybernetics'', listed below)
+
(taken from Flo Conway, Jim Siegelman, ''Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener - Father of Cybernetics'', 2005)
  
−
Born on the doorstep of the twentieth century, Norbert Wiener was a descendant of Eastern European rabbis, scholars, and, purportedly, of the medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides. He entered college at eleven, received his Ph.D. from Harvard at eighteen, apprenticed with renowned European mathematicians, and, in 1919, joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His early mathematical work solved practical problems in electronics theory that engineers had been wrestling with for decades. In the 1920s, he worked on the design of the first modern computer, and during World War II, he helped create the first intelligent automated machines. Wiener's wartime vision grew into a new interdisciplinary science of communication, computation, and automatic control, spanning the forefronts of engineering, biology, and the social sciences. His ideas attracted an eclectic group of scientists and scholars: computer pioneer John von Neumann, information theorist Claude Shannon, and anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. Wiener named his new science "cybernetics"—from the Greek word for steersman. His 1948 book ''Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'' set off a scientific and technological revolution. In less than a decade, cybernetics transformed the day-to-day labors of workers in every industry and unleashed a flood of dazzling devices on postwar society. Wiener gave the word "feedback" its modern meaning and introduced it into popular parlance. He was the first to perceive the essence of the new stuff called "information." He worked with eminent biologists and neurophysiologists to crack the communication codes of the human nervous system, and with the engineers who incorporated those codes into the circuits of the first programmable "electronic brains." Wiener spoke and wrote passionately about rising threats to human values, freedoms, and spirituality that were still decades in the offing. His efforts won him the National Book Award and the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientific award. Yet, even as his new ideas were taking hold in America and worldwide, Wiener's visionary science was foundering. By the late 1950s, cybernetics was being superseded by the specialized technical fields and subdisciplines it had spawned, and Wiener himself wound up on the sidelines of his own revolution. his moral stands were rejected by his peers and a gadget-happy consumer public, and his grim predictions were dismissed by many as the doomsaying ofan aging, eccentric egghead. He died suddenly, at age 69, on a trip to Europe in 1964, even as so many of the things he had predicted were coming to pass.
+
Born on the doorstep of the twentieth century, Norbert Wiener was a descendant of Eastern European rabbis, scholars, and, purportedly, of the medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides. He entered college at eleven, received his Ph.D. from Harvard at eighteen, apprenticed with renowned European mathematicians, and, in 1919, joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His early mathematical work solved practical problems in electronics theory that engineers had been wrestling with for decades. In the 1920s, he worked on the design of the first modern computer, and during World War II, he helped create the first intelligent automated machines. Wiener's wartime vision grew into a new interdisciplinary science of communication, computation, and automatic control, spanning the forefronts of engineering, biology, and the social sciences. His ideas attracted an eclectic group of scientists and scholars: computer pioneer John von Neumann, information theorist [[Claude Shannon]], and anthropologists [[Margaret Mead]] and [[Gregory Bateson]]. Wiener named his new science "cybernetics"—from the Greek word for steersman. His 1948 book ''Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'' set off a scientific and technological revolution. In less than a decade, cybernetics transformed the day-to-day labors of workers in every industry and unleashed a flood of dazzling devices on postwar society. Wiener gave the word "feedback" its modern meaning and introduced it into popular parlance. He was the first to perceive the essence of the new stuff called [[Information theory|"information"]]. He worked with eminent biologists and neurophysiologists to crack the communication codes of the human nervous system, and with the engineers who incorporated those codes into the circuits of the first programmable "electronic brains." Wiener spoke and wrote passionately about rising threats to human values, freedoms, and spirituality that were still decades in the offing. His efforts won him the National Book Award and the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientific award. Yet, even as his new ideas were taking hold in America and worldwide, Wiener's visionary science was foundering. By the late 1950s, cybernetics was being superseded by the specialized technical fields and subdisciplines it had spawned, and Wiener himself wound up on the sidelines of his own revolution. His moral stands were rejected by his peers and a gadget-happy consumer public, and his grim predictions were dismissed by many as the doomsaying of an aging, eccentric egghead. He died suddenly, at age 69, on a trip to Europe in 1964, even as so many of the things he had predicted were coming to pass.
  
 
==Works==
 
==Works==
 
===Books===
 
===Books===
−
[[Image:Wiener_Norbert_Cybernetics_or_the_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine.jpg|thumb|258px|''Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'', 1948, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2722 Log].]]
+
* ''The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications'', New York: Dover, 1933.
−
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2722 Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]'', Paris: Hermann & Cie, Cambridge, MA: Technology Press, and New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948, 194 pp; MIT Press and Wiley, 2nd ed., 1961, 212 pp; 1965, [http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=29a9551780c8dafbaac834f7be240e3c PDF]; 1980. Reviews: [http://www.piecesetmaindoeuvre.com/IMG/pdf/Dubarle_1948.pdf Dubarle] (1948, FR), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2279915 Littauer] (1949), [http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.bams/1183514455 MacColl] (1950). In the spring of 1947, Wiener was invited to a congress on harmonic analysis, held in Nancy, France and organized by the bourbakist mathematician, Szolem Mandelbrojt. During this stay in France Wiener received the offer to write a manuscript on the unifying character of this part of applied mathematics, which is found in the study of Brownian motion and in telecommunication engineering. The following summer, back in the United States, Wiener decided to introduce the neologism ‘cybernetics’ into his scientific theory.  According to Pierre De Latil, MIT Press tried their best to prevent the publication of the book in France, since Wiener, then professor at MIT, was bound to them by contract. As a representative of Hermann Editions, M. Freymann managed to find a compromise and the French publisher won the rights to the book. Having lived together in Mexico, Freymann and Wiener were friends and it is Freymann who is supposed to have suggested that Wiener write this book. Benoît Mandelbrot and Walter Pitts proofread the manuscript. [http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm]
+
** ''Integral Fure i nekotorye ego prilozheniya'' [Интеграл Фурье и некоторые его приложения], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo fiziko-matematicheskoy literatury, 1963. {{ru}}
 +
 
 +
* with Raymond E.A.C. Paley, ''[[Media:Paley Raymond EAC Wiener Norbert Fourier Transforms in the Complex Domain 1934.djvu|Fourier Transforms in the Complex Domain]]'', New York: American Mathematical Society, 1934, 183 pp.
 +
 
 +
[[Image:Wiener_Norbert_Cybernetics_or_the_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine.jpg|thumb|350px|''Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'', 1948, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2722 Log].]]
 +
*{{a|Wiener1948}}''Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'', Paris: Hermann & Cie, 1948; Cambridge, MA: Technology Press (MIT), 1948; New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948, 194 pp; [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2722 2nd ed.], MIT Press, and Wiley, 1961, 212 pp, [http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=29a9551780c8dafbaac834f7be240e3c PDF], [http://aaaaarg.fail/thing/530245eb307888341600002f ARG]; [https://1lib.sk/book/5497769/f982bf repr.], forew. Doug Hill and Sanjoy K. Mitter, MIT Press, 2019, xlvii+303 pp, [https://1lib.sk/book/11639436/e74f38 EPUB]. Reviews: [http://www.piecesetmaindoeuvre.com/IMG/pdf/Dubarle_1948.pdf Dubarle] (1948, FR), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2279915 Littauer] (1949), [http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.bams/1183514455 MacColl] (1950). In the spring of 1947, Wiener was invited to a congress on harmonic analysis, held in Nancy, France and organized by the bourbakist mathematician, Szolem Mandelbrojt. During this stay in France Wiener received the offer to write a manuscript on the unifying character of this part of applied mathematics, which is found in the study of Brownian motion and in telecommunication engineering. The following summer, back in the United States, Wiener decided to introduce the neologism ‘cybernetics’ into his scientific theory.  According to Pierre De Latil, MIT Press tried their best to prevent the publication of the book in France, since Wiener, then professor at MIT, was bound to them by contract. As a representative of Hermann Editions, M. Freymann managed to find a compromise and the French publisher won the rights to the book. Having lived together in Mexico, Freymann and Wiener were friends and it is Freymann who is supposed to have suggested that Wiener write this book. Benoît Mandelbrot and Walter Pitts proofread the manuscript. [http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm]
 
** ''Cibernetica. Controllo e comunicazione nell’animale e nella macchina'', Milan: Bompiani, 1953. {{it}}
 
** ''Cibernetica. Controllo e comunicazione nell’animale e nella macchina'', Milan: Bompiani, 1953. {{it}}
−
** N. Viner (Н. Винер), ''[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=44d951a0ea007cab073fdd7d0a7f9a66&open=0 Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz v zhivotnom i mashine]'' [Кибернетика, или Управление и связь в животном и машине], trans. G.N. Povarov, Moscow: Sovetskoe radio [Советское радио], 1958, 216 pp; 1963; 2nd ed., 1968. {{ru}}
+
** ''Saibanetikksu: dōbutsu to kikai ni okeru seigyo to tsūshin'' [サイバネティックス : 動物と機械における制御と通信], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1957. {{jp}}
 +
** N. Viner (Н. Винер), ''[[Media:Viner Norbert Kibernetika ili upravlenie i svyaz v zhivotnom i mashine 1958.djvu|Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz v zhivotnom i mashine]]'' [Кибернетика, или Управление и связь в животном и машине], trans. G.N. Povarov, Moscow: Sovetskoe radio [Советское радио], 1958, 216 pp; new ed., 1963; 2nd ed., 1968. {{ru}}
 
** ''Cibernética'', trans. Miguel Mora Hidalgo, Madrid: Guadiana, 1960, 314 pp; 1971. {{es}}
 
** ''Cibernética'', trans. Miguel Mora Hidalgo, Madrid: Guadiana, 1960, 314 pp; 1971. {{es}}
 
** ''Kybernetika neboli řízení a sdělování v živých organismech a strojích'', trans. O. Hanš, J. Wehle and Z. Wünsch, intro. Karel Winkelbauer, Prague: SNTL, 1960, 148 pp. {{cz}}
 
** ''Kybernetika neboli řízení a sdělování v živých organismech a strojích'', trans. O. Hanš, J. Wehle and Z. Wünsch, intro. Karel Winkelbauer, Prague: SNTL, 1960, 148 pp. {{cz}}
 +
** ''Küberneetika ehk Juhtimine ja side loomas ning masinas'', ed. H. Riikoja, Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1961, 244 pp. {{ee}}
 +
** ''Cibernetica sau Ştiinţa comenzii şi comunicării la fiinţe şi maşini'', trans. Alexandru Giuculescu, Bucharest: Ştiinţifică, 1966, 272 pp. {{ro}}
 
** ''Kybernetik. Regelung und Nachrichtenübertragung in Lebewesen und Maschine'', rororo, 1968; Econ, 1992. {{de}}
 
** ''Kybernetik. Regelung und Nachrichtenübertragung in Lebewesen und Maschine'', rororo, 1968; Econ, 1992. {{de}}
−
** ''Cybernetyka, czyli sterowanie i komunikacja w zwierzęciu i maszynie'', Warsaw: PWN, 1971, 261 pp. {{pl}}
+
** ''La cibernetica: controllo e comunicazione nell'animale e nella macchina'', trans. Giampaolo Barosso, Milan: il Saggiatore, 1968; [[Media:Wiener Norbert La cibernetica controllo e comunicazione nell animale e nella macchina 1982.pdf|repr.]], 1982, 269 pp. {{it}}
−
** ''Cibernética ou controle e comunicação no animal e na maquina'', São Paulo: Poligono, 1970. {{pt}}
+
** ''Cibernética ou controle e comunicação no animal e na maquina'', São Paulo: Poligono, 1970. {{br-pt}}
 +
** ''Cybernetyka, czyli sterowanie i komunikacja w zwierzęciu i maszynie'', trans. Jerzy Mieścicki, Warsaw: Państwowe Wydaw. Naukowe, 1971, 261 pp. {{pl}}
 +
** ''Kibernetika ili upravljanje i komunikacija kod živih biča i mašina'', trans. Nebojša Uzelac and Slobodan Janić, Belgrade: Izdavačko-informativni centar studenata, 1972, 195 pp. {{sc}}
 +
** ''Sibernetik'', trans. İbrahim Keskin, Istanbul: Say Kitap Pazarlama, 1982, 226 pp. {{tr}}
 
** ''Cibernética o el control y comunicación en animales y máquinas'', trans. Francisco Martín, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1985, 266 pp; 1998; 2002, 150 pp. {{es}}
 
** ''Cibernética o el control y comunicación en animales y máquinas'', trans. Francisco Martín, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1985, 266 pp; 1998; 2002, 150 pp. {{es}}
 +
** ''Cibernètica, o, Control i comunicació en l'animal i la màquina'', trans. Sebastián Xambó Descamps, Barcelona: Edicions Científiques Catalanes, 1986, 280 pp. {{ca}}
 +
** ''Kong zhi lun: huo guan yu zai dong wu he ji qi zhong kong zhi he tong xin de ke xue'' [控制论: 或关于在动物和机器中控制和通信的科学], Zhengzhou : He nan mei zhu chu ban she, 1991. {{cn}}
 
** ''La cybernétique. Information et régulation dans le vivant et la machine'', trans. Ronan Le Roux, Robert Vallée and Nicole Vallée-Lévi, Paris: Seuil, 2014, 376 pp. [http://www.seuil.com/livre-9782021094206.htm] {{fr}}
 
** ''La cybernétique. Information et régulation dans le vivant et la machine'', trans. Ronan Le Roux, Robert Vallée and Nicole Vallée-Lévi, Paris: Seuil, 2014, 376 pp. [http://www.seuil.com/livre-9782021094206.htm] {{fr}}
  
−
* ''[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=39eb53d4e8ffdd3a432f5cc61332ac23 Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series]'', Cambridge, MA: Technology Press, 1949; New York: Wiley, 1949; London: Chapman & Hall, 1949; [http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=2cbb366d1bd1cf8ed7a56cadf27307ba 2nd ed.], MIT Press, 1966.
+
* ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_The_Extrapolation_Interpolation_and_Smoothing_of_Stationary_Time_Series_with_Engineering_Applications.djvu|The Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series with Engineering Applications]]'', Cambridge, MA: Technology Press (MIT), 1949; New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1949; London: Chapman & Hill, 1949; [http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=2cbb366d1bd1cf8ed7a56cadf27307ba 2nd ed.], MIT Press, 1966. Earlier printed as a classified NDRC "yellow peril" Report, MIT, 1942. Uses Gauss's method of shaping the characteristic of a detector to allow for the maximal recognition of signals in the presence of noise; later known as the "Wiener filter." Review: [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2280758 Tukey] (1952).
  
−
[[Image:Wiener_Norbert_The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings.jpg|thumb|258px|''The Human Use of Human Beings'', 1950, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1567 Log].]]
+
[[Image:Wiener_Norbert_The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings.jpg|thumb|350px|''The Human Use of Human Beings'', 1950, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1567 Log].]]
−
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1567 The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society]'', Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950; 2nd ed., 1954; London: Eyre and Spottiswode, 1954; New York: Avon Books, 1967; New York: Da Capo Press, 1988; London: Free Association Books, 1989; new ed., 1990.
+
*{{a|Wiener1950}}''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1567 The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society]'', Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950, 241 pp; 2nd ed., 1954; London: Eyre and Spottiswode, 1954; New York: Avon Books, 1967; New York: Da Capo Press, 1988; [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=1567 repr.], intro. Steve J. Heims, London: Free Association Books, 1989, xxx+199 pp; new ed., 1990.
−
** ''Cybernétique et société'', Union Générale d'Éditions, 1952; 1971. {{fr}}
+
** ''Cybernétique et société: l'usage humain des êtres humains'', Paris: Union Générale d'Éditions, 1952; 1971; [https://1lib.sk/book/2693214/4cb6c3 repr.], 2014. {{fr}}
 
** ''Mensch und Menschmaschine'', Frankfurt am Main: Metzner, 1952; 4th ed., 1972. {{de}}
 
** ''Mensch und Menschmaschine'', Frankfurt am Main: Metzner, 1952; 4th ed., 1972. {{de}}
−
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Cibernetica_e_sociedade_O_uso_humano_de_seres_humanos.pdf|Cibernética e sociedade: o uso humano de seres humanos]]'', trans. José Paulo Paes, São Paulo: Cultrix, 1954; 2nd ed., 1968, 190 pp. {{pt}}
+
** ''Materia, maskiner och människor: cybernetiken och samhället'', trans. Edvin Thall, Stockholm: Forum, 1952, 210 pp; new ed., Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1964. {{sw}}
−
** ''[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=f0e56f35bb9f06e0914d75ef37f4d630&open=0 Kibernetika i obshchestvo]'' [Кибернетика и общество], trans. E.G. Panfilov, Moscow: IIL, 1958, 200 pp. {{ru}}
+
** ''Cibernética e sociedade: o uso humano de seres humanos'', trans. José Paulo Paes, São Paulo: Cultrix, 1954; [[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Cibernetica_e_sociedade_O_uso_humano_de_seres_humanos.pdf|2nd ed.]], 1968, 190 pp. {{br-pt}}
−
** ''Cybernetyka i społeczeństwo'', Warsaw: KiW, 1960, 236 pp; 2nd ed., Warsaw: KiW, 1961, 217 pp. {{pl}}
+
** ''Ningen kikairon: Saibaneteikkusu to shakai'' [人間機械論: サイバネテイックスと社会], Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1954. {{jp}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Viner Norbert Kibernetika i obshchestvo 1958.djvu|Kibernetika i obshchestvo]]'' [Кибернетика и общество], trans. E.G. Panfilov, Moscow: IIL, 1958, 200 pp. {{ru}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Cibernetica_y_sociedad_1958.pdf|Cybernética y sociedad]]'', trans. José Novo Cerro, Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1958, 181 pp. {{es}}
 +
** ''Cybernetyka i społeczeństwo'', trans. Olgierd Wojtasiewicz, afterw. E. J. Kolman, Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza, 1960, 236 pp; 2nd ed., 1961, 217 pp. {{pl}}
 
** ''Kybernetika a společnost'', trans. Karel Berka, intro. Arnošt Kolman, Prague: ČSAV, 1963, 216 pp. {{cz}}
 
** ''Kybernetika a společnost'', trans. Karel Berka, intro. Arnošt Kolman, Prague: ČSAV, 1963, 216 pp. {{cz}}
−
** ''Introduzione alla cibernetica. L’uso umano degli esseri umani'', trans. Dario Persiani, Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1966, 229 pp; 3rd ed., 1970, 240 pp; 1982; 2012, 234 pp. [http://www.scienzaefilosofia.it/res/site70201/res611965_18-REC-WIENER.pdf Review]. {{it}}
+
** ''Menneske og automat: kybernetikken og samfundet'', trans. Elsa Gress Wright, Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1963, 196 pp. {{da}}
−
** ''Ihmisestä, koneista, kielestä'', trans. Pertti Jotuni, Helsinki: WS, 1969. {{fi}}
+
** ''[[Media:Viner_Norbert_Kiberetika_i_drustvo_1964.pdf|Kibernetika i društvo: ljudska upotreba ljudskih bića]]'', trans. Ljubomir Radanović, intro. Rajko Tomović, Belgrade: Nolit, 1964, 244 pp; 2nd ed., 1973. {{sc}}
−
** ''Cybernética y sociedad'', Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1969. {{es}}
+
** ''Anashim u-moḥot-mekhonah: ha-ḳeberneṭikah ṿeha-ḥevrah'', trans. Ivrit Yaḳov Rabi, Tel Aviv: Poalim, 1964, 199 pp. {{he}}
 +
** ''Cibernètica i societat'', intro. Miquel Masriera, trans. Jordi Monés, Barcelona: Ediciones 62, 1965, 214 pp. {{ca}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Introduzione_alla_cibernetica_1966.pdf|Introduzione alla cibernetica: l'uso umano degli esseri umani]]'', trans. Dario Persiani, Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1966, 229 pp; 3rd ed., 1970, 240 pp; 1982; 2012, 234 pp. [http://www.scienzaefilosofia.it/res/site70201/res611965_18-REC-WIENER.pdf Review]. {{it}}
 +
** ''Ihmisestä, koneista, kielestä'', trans. Pertti Jotuni, Helsinki: WS, 1969, 189 pp. {{fi}}
 +
** ''Inimolendite inimlik kasutamine: küberneetika ja ühiskond'', trans. Boris Kabur, Tallinn: Perioodika, 1969, 158 pp. {{ee}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Kyvernetike kai koinonia 1970.djvu|Kyvernētikē kai koinōnia: ē anthrōpinē chrēsimopoiēsē tōn anthrōpinōn ontōn]]'' [Κυβερνητική και κοινωνία], trans. & intro. Giannē Iōannidē, Athens: Papazēsēs, 1970, xxv+151 pp. {{gr}}
 +
** ''İnsan ve mekanizması'', Istanbul: İTÜ, 1973, vii+148 pp. {{tr}}
 +
** ''Ren you ren de yong chu: kong zhi lun he she hui'' [人有人的用处: 控制论和社 会], trans. Bu Chen, Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1978; 2009. {{cn}}
 
** ''Cybernética y sociedad'', México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984. {{es}}
 
** ''Cybernética y sociedad'', México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984. {{es}}
  
Line 39: Line 63:
 
* ''The Theory of Prediction: Modern Mathematics for the Engineer'', ed. E. F. Beckenbach, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
 
* ''The Theory of Prediction: Modern Mathematics for the Engineer'', ed. E. F. Beckenbach, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
  
−
* ''Nonlinear Problems in Random Theory'', MIT Press and Wiley, 1958.
+
* ''[[Media:Wiener Norbert Nonlinear Problems in Random Theory 1958.djvu|Nonlinear Problems in Random Theory]]'', Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, and New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958.
 +
** ''Nelineinye zadachi v teorii sluchainykh protsessov'', Moscow: Izdatelstvo Inostrannoi Literatury, 1961. {{ru}}
  
 
* ''The Tempter'', New York: Random House, 1959.
 
* ''The Tempter'', New York: Random House, 1959.
Line 45: Line 70:
 
* ''Time Series'', MIT Press, 1964. Trans. of "Sur la théorie de la prévision statistique et du filtrage des ondes, Analyse Harmonique", ''Colloques Internationaux du CNRS'' 15, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1949, pp 67-74.  
 
* ''Time Series'', MIT Press, 1964. Trans. of "Sur la théorie de la prévision statistique et du filtrage des ondes, Analyse Harmonique", ''Colloques Internationaux du CNRS'' 15, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1949, pp 67-74.  
  
−
* editor, with J. P. Schadé, ''[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=8802785510674B9D4A6BF144DE4D1933 The Cybernetics of the Nervous System]'', Elsevier, 1965, 425 pp, [http://21stcenturywiener.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Cybernetics-of-the-Nervous-System-by-N.-Wiener.pdf PDF].
+
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=552 God and Golem, Inc.: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion]'', MIT Press, 1964, ix+95 pp.
 +
** ''A/S Gud og Golem'', trans. David Jens Adler, Copenhagen: Hasselbalch, 1964, 92 pp. Review: [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24524991 Birkeland] (Math Scandinavica). {{da}}
 +
** ''Gud og Golem A/S. Betraktninger over visse punkter hvor kybernetikken støter sammen med religionen'', forew. Piet Hein, trans. Tor Bjerkmann, Oslo: Cappelen, 1964, 73 pp, [https://www.nb.no/items/cdcd5cd66af0678c20ac0645e8e5f133 NB]. {{no}}
 +
** ''Kagaku to kami: Saibanetikkusu to shūkyō'' [科学と神: サイバネティックスと宗教], trans. Yasuo Shizume, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1965. {{jp}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Viner_Norbert_Tvorets_i_robot_1966.djvu|Tvorets i robot]]'' [Творец и робот], trans. M.N. Aronz and R.A. Fesenko, Moscow: Progress, 1966, 100 pp. {{ru}}
 +
** ''God, mens en machine'', intro. H. Brandt Corstius, trans. P.H.W.C. Rommers, Rotterdam: Universitaire Pers, 1966, 127 pp. {{nl}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Dios_y_Golem_1967.epub|Dios y Golem, S.A: comentario sobre ciertos puntos en que chocan cibernética y religión]]'', trans. Javier Alejo, México: Siglo XXI, 1967, 69 pp. {{es}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Dumnezeu_si_golem_1969.pdf|Dumnezeu şi Golem, S.A. Comentariu asupra cîtorva puncte de contact între cibernetică şi religie]]'', trans. Edmond Nicolau and Lucia Nasta, Bucharest: Ştiinţifică, 1969, [http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9389CD030C9346A320A9792A4C80692D PDF], [http://aaaaarg.fail/thing/59b793259ff37c0dbf005c2d ARG]. {{ro}}
 +
** ''Deus, golem & cia: um comentário sobre certos pontos de contato entre cibernética e religião'', trans. Leonidas Hegenberg and Octanny Silveira da Mota, São Paulo: Cultrix, 1971, 94 pp. {{br-pt}}
 +
** ''Theos kai mēchanē: kyvernētikē'', trans. Anna Stamatopoulou-Paradellē, Athens: Kastaniōtēs, 1972, 106 pp. {{gr}}
 +
** ''God & Golem Inc. Sur quelques points de collision entre la cybernétique et la religion'', trans. Christophe Romana and Patricia Farazzi, intro. Charles Mopsik, Paris: L’Éclat, 2015. {{fr}}
 +
 
 +
* editor, with J. P. Schadé, ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=8802785510674B9D4A6BF144DE4D1933 The Cybernetics of the Nervous System]'', Elsevier, 1965, 425 pp, [http://21stcenturywiener.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Cybernetics-of-the-Nervous-System-by-N.-Wiener.pdf PDF].
 
   
 
   
−
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=552 God and Golem, Inc.: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion]'', MIT Press, 1966.
 
−
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Dumnezeu_si_golem_1969.pdf|Dumnezeu şi Golem, S.A. Comentariu asupra cîtorva puncte de contact între cibernetică şi religie]]'', trans. Edmond Nicolau and Lucia Nasta, Bucharest: Ştiinţifică, 1969, [https://archive.org/details/convert-jpg-to-pdf.net_2015-12-31_10-42-04 IA]. {{ro}}
 
−
** ''God & Golem Inc. Sur quelques points de collision entre la cybernétique et la religion'', trans. Christophe Romana and Patricia Farazzi, intro. Charles Mopsik, Paris:  L’Éclat, 2015. {{fr}}
 
−
 
 
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2233 Invention: The Care and Feeding of Ideas]'', intro. Steve Joshua Heims, MIT Press, 1993, 185 pp.  
 
* ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=2233 Invention: The Care and Feeding of Ideas]'', intro. Steve Joshua Heims, MIT Press, 1993, 185 pp.  
 +
** ''Fa ming: ji dong ren xin de chuang xin zhi lu'' [发明: 激动人心的创新之路], trans. Lejing Zhao, Shanghai : Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2002. {{cn}}
  
 
; Autobiography
 
; Autobiography
−
* ''Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth'', MIT Press, 1953; New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953.
+
* ''[[Media:Wiener Norbert Ex-Prodigy My Childhood and Youth 1953.pdf|Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth]]'', New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953; MIT Press, 1953, 309 pp; repr. in Wiener, ''[https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5ea4e6899ff37c108b2e81f1 A Life in Cybernetics: Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, and I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy]'', forew. Ronald R. Kline, MIT Press, 2018.
−
** ''Ex prodigio: mi infancia y juventud'', trans. Aline Petterson, México, D.F. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1982. {{es}}
+
** ''Nōbāto uīnā jiden: Tensai no oitachi'' [ノーバート・ウィーナー自伝: 天才の生い立ち], Tokyo: Masu Shobō, 1956. {{jp}}
−
* ''I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy'', Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956; MIT Press, 1964.
+
** ''Ex prodigio: mi infancia y juventud'', trans. Aline Petterson, México, D.F.: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1982. {{es}}
 +
** ''Xi ri shen tong: Wo de tong nian he qing nian shi qi'' [昔日神童: 我的童年和青年时期], Shanghai: Shang hai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1982. {{cn}}
 +
** ''Shindō kara zokujin e: waga yōji to seishun'' [神童から俗人へ: わが幼時と青春], trans. Yasuo Shizume, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1983. {{jp}}
 +
 
 +
* ''I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy'', Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956; MIT Press, 1964; repr. in Wiener, ''[https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/5ea4e6899ff37c108b2e81f1 A Life in Cybernetics: Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, and I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy]'', forew. Ronald R. Kline, MIT Press, 2018.
 +
** ''Saibanetikkusu wa ikani shite umaretaka'' [サイバネティックスはいかにして生まれたか], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1962. {{jp}}
 +
** ''Ya - matematik'' [Я - математик], Moscow: Nauka, 1964. {{ru}}
 +
** ''Mathematik - mein Leben'', trans. Walther Schwerdtfeger, Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer Bücherei, 1965, 310 pp. {{de}}
 +
** ''Matematikus vagyok'', trans. Imre Nagy, Budapest: Gondolat, 1968, 324 pp. {{hu}}
 +
** ''Můj život'', trans. Zdenka Hermannová, Prague: Mladá fronta, 1970, 242 pp. {{cz}}
 +
** ''Sînt matematician'', trans. M. Drăgănescu, Bucharest: Politică, 1972, 348 pp. {{ro}}
 +
** ''[[Media:Wiener_Norbert_Soy_un_matematico_1982.pdf|Soy un matematico]]'', trans. Sergio Francisco Beltran, México, D.F.: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1982, 425 pp. {{es}}
 +
** ''Wo shi yi ge shu xue jia'' [我是一個數學家], trans. Changzhong Zhou, Shanghai: Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1987. {{cn}}
 +
** ''Man riyāz̤īdānam: sarguzasht-i sībarnātik'', trans. Parvaīz Shaharʹyārī, Tehran: Muʼassasah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Fāṭimī, 1368 [1989], 448 pp. {{fa}}
  
 
; Collected writings
 
; Collected writings
 
* ''Selected Papers of Norbert Wiener'', Expository papers by Y. W. Lee, Norman Levinson, and W. T. Martin, MIT Press & SIAM, 1964.
 
* ''Selected Papers of Norbert Wiener'', Expository papers by Y. W. Lee, Norman Levinson, and W. T. Martin, MIT Press & SIAM, 1964.
 +
** 'Generalized Harmonic Analysis Tauberian Theorems'', chapters repr. in MIT Press, 1964.
 +
 +
; Selected writings
 +
* ''Válogatott tanulmányok'', ed. Tarján Rezső, trans. Tarján Rezsőné, Budapest: Gondolat, 1974, 378 pp. {{hu}}
 +
 +
===Selected essays===
 +
* [[Media:Wiener_Norbert_1948_Cybernetics.pdf|"Cybernetics"]], ''Scientific American'' 179:5, Nov 1948, pp 14-19. Adapted from his 1948 book. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24945913]
  
 
===Bibliography===
 
===Bibliography===
 
* [http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.bams/1183527588 "Bibliography of Norbert Wiener"], ''Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.'' 72:1, Part 2 (1966), pp 135-145.
 
* [http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.bams/1183527588 "Bibliography of Norbert Wiener"], ''Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.'' 72:1, Part 2 (1966), pp 135-145.
  
−
===Literature===
+
==Literature==
−
* Hans Joachim Ilgauds, ''Norbert Wiener. Biographien hervorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner'', vol. 45, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1984, [http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=7129a70b2e8c1989e610fe82f8de8150 PDF]. {{de}}
+
* Hans Joachim Ilgauds, ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=7129a70b2e8c1989e610fe82f8de8150 Norbert Wiener. Biographien hervorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner]'', vol. 45, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1984. {{de}}
−
* P. R. Masani, ''Norbert Wiener 1894–1964'', Birkhäuser Basel, 1990, [http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=522cff852c0d26b8af6d889e7458531f PDF].
+
 
−
* Flo Conway and Jim Siegelman, ''Dark hero of the information age: in search of Norbert Wiener the father of cybernetics'', New York: Basic Books, 2005, [http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=0599E5D2BD81AB42DDF5FB1196850342 PDF].
+
* P. R. Masani, ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=522cff852c0d26b8af6d889e7458531f Norbert Wiener 1894–1964]'', Basel: Birkhäuser, 1990. {{de}}
 +
 
 +
* Flo Conway, Jim Siegelman, ''[http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=0599E5D2BD81AB42DDF5FB1196850342 Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener the Father of Cybernetics]'', New York: Basic Books, 2005.
 +
** ''[https://1lib.sk/book/5491108/ce393c L'eroe oscuro dell'età dell'informazione. Alla ricerca di Norbert Wiener, il padre della cibernetica]'', Codice, 2005. {{it}}
 +
 
 +
* Pierre Cassou-Noguès, ''[https://aaaaarg.fail/thing/608b544c9ff37c0be32e81ba Les Rêves cybernétiques de Norbert Wiener]'', Paris: Seuil, 2014. [https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/les-reves-cybernetiques-de-norbert-wiener-pierre-cassou-nogues/9782021090284] {{fr}}
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Latest revision as of 15:02, 8 October 2022

Norbert Wiener in the MIT classroom with the tricycle cart. LIFE magazine.

Norbert Wiener (26 November 1894, Columbia, Missouri, United States – 18 March 1964, Stockholm, Sweden) was an American mathematician and philosopher. He was Professor of Mathematics at MIT. Wiener is considered the father of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society.

Biography[edit]

(taken from Flo Conway, Jim Siegelman, Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener - Father of Cybernetics, 2005)

Born on the doorstep of the twentieth century, Norbert Wiener was a descendant of Eastern European rabbis, scholars, and, purportedly, of the medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides. He entered college at eleven, received his Ph.D. from Harvard at eighteen, apprenticed with renowned European mathematicians, and, in 1919, joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His early mathematical work solved practical problems in electronics theory that engineers had been wrestling with for decades. In the 1920s, he worked on the design of the first modern computer, and during World War II, he helped create the first intelligent automated machines. Wiener's wartime vision grew into a new interdisciplinary science of communication, computation, and automatic control, spanning the forefronts of engineering, biology, and the social sciences. His ideas attracted an eclectic group of scientists and scholars: computer pioneer John von Neumann, information theorist Claude Shannon, and anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. Wiener named his new science "cybernetics"—from the Greek word for steersman. His 1948 book Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine set off a scientific and technological revolution. In less than a decade, cybernetics transformed the day-to-day labors of workers in every industry and unleashed a flood of dazzling devices on postwar society. Wiener gave the word "feedback" its modern meaning and introduced it into popular parlance. He was the first to perceive the essence of the new stuff called "information". He worked with eminent biologists and neurophysiologists to crack the communication codes of the human nervous system, and with the engineers who incorporated those codes into the circuits of the first programmable "electronic brains." Wiener spoke and wrote passionately about rising threats to human values, freedoms, and spirituality that were still decades in the offing. His efforts won him the National Book Award and the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientific award. Yet, even as his new ideas were taking hold in America and worldwide, Wiener's visionary science was foundering. By the late 1950s, cybernetics was being superseded by the specialized technical fields and subdisciplines it had spawned, and Wiener himself wound up on the sidelines of his own revolution. His moral stands were rejected by his peers and a gadget-happy consumer public, and his grim predictions were dismissed by many as the doomsaying of an aging, eccentric egghead. He died suddenly, at age 69, on a trip to Europe in 1964, even as so many of the things he had predicted were coming to pass.

Works[edit]

Books[edit]

  • The Fourier Integral and Certain of Its Applications, New York: Dover, 1933.
    • Integral Fure i nekotorye ego prilozheniya [Интеграл Фурье и некоторые его приложения], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo fiziko-matematicheskoy literatury, 1963. (Russian)
Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, 1948, Log.
  • Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, Paris: Hermann & Cie, 1948; Cambridge, MA: Technology Press (MIT), 1948; New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948, 194 pp; 2nd ed., MIT Press, and Wiley, 1961, 212 pp, PDF, ARG; repr., forew. Doug Hill and Sanjoy K. Mitter, MIT Press, 2019, xlvii+303 pp, EPUB. Reviews: Dubarle (1948, FR), Littauer (1949), MacColl (1950). In the spring of 1947, Wiener was invited to a congress on harmonic analysis, held in Nancy, France and organized by the bourbakist mathematician, Szolem Mandelbrojt. During this stay in France Wiener received the offer to write a manuscript on the unifying character of this part of applied mathematics, which is found in the study of Brownian motion and in telecommunication engineering. The following summer, back in the United States, Wiener decided to introduce the neologism ‘cybernetics’ into his scientific theory. According to Pierre De Latil, MIT Press tried their best to prevent the publication of the book in France, since Wiener, then professor at MIT, was bound to them by contract. As a representative of Hermann Editions, M. Freymann managed to find a compromise and the French publisher won the rights to the book. Having lived together in Mexico, Freymann and Wiener were friends and it is Freymann who is supposed to have suggested that Wiener write this book. Benoît Mandelbrot and Walter Pitts proofread the manuscript. [1]
    • Cibernetica. Controllo e comunicazione nell’animale e nella macchina, Milan: Bompiani, 1953. (Italian)
    • Saibanetikksu: dōbutsu to kikai ni okeru seigyo to tsūshin [サイバネティックス : 動物と機械における制御と通信], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1957. (Japanese)
    • N. Viner (Н. Винер), Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz v zhivotnom i mashine [Кибернетика, или Управление и связь в животном и машине], trans. G.N. Povarov, Moscow: Sovetskoe radio [Советское радио], 1958, 216 pp; new ed., 1963; 2nd ed., 1968. (Russian)
    • Cibernética, trans. Miguel Mora Hidalgo, Madrid: Guadiana, 1960, 314 pp; 1971. (Spanish)
    • Kybernetika neboli řízení a sdělování v živých organismech a strojích, trans. O. Hanš, J. Wehle and Z. Wünsch, intro. Karel Winkelbauer, Prague: SNTL, 1960, 148 pp. (Czech)
    • Küberneetika ehk Juhtimine ja side loomas ning masinas, ed. H. Riikoja, Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1961, 244 pp. (Estonian)
    • Cibernetica sau Ştiinţa comenzii şi comunicării la fiinţe şi maşini, trans. Alexandru Giuculescu, Bucharest: Ştiinţifică, 1966, 272 pp. (Romanian)
    • Kybernetik. Regelung und Nachrichtenübertragung in Lebewesen und Maschine, rororo, 1968; Econ, 1992. (German)
    • La cibernetica: controllo e comunicazione nell'animale e nella macchina, trans. Giampaolo Barosso, Milan: il Saggiatore, 1968; repr., 1982, 269 pp. (Italian)
    • Cibernética ou controle e comunicação no animal e na maquina, São Paulo: Poligono, 1970. (Brazilian Portuguese)
    • Cybernetyka, czyli sterowanie i komunikacja w zwierzęciu i maszynie, trans. Jerzy Mieścicki, Warsaw: Państwowe Wydaw. Naukowe, 1971, 261 pp. (Polish)
    • Kibernetika ili upravljanje i komunikacija kod živih biča i mašina, trans. Nebojša Uzelac and Slobodan Janić, Belgrade: Izdavačko-informativni centar studenata, 1972, 195 pp. (Serbo-Croatian)
    • Sibernetik, trans. İbrahim Keskin, Istanbul: Say Kitap Pazarlama, 1982, 226 pp. (Turkish)
    • Cibernética o el control y comunicación en animales y máquinas, trans. Francisco Martín, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1985, 266 pp; 1998; 2002, 150 pp. (Spanish)
    • Cibernètica, o, Control i comunicació en l'animal i la màquina, trans. Sebastián Xambó Descamps, Barcelona: Edicions Científiques Catalanes, 1986, 280 pp. (Catalan)
    • Kong zhi lun: huo guan yu zai dong wu he ji qi zhong kong zhi he tong xin de ke xue [控制论: 或关于在动物和机器中控制和通信的科学], Zhengzhou : He nan mei zhu chu ban she, 1991. (Chinese)
    • La cybernétique. Information et régulation dans le vivant et la machine, trans. Ronan Le Roux, Robert Vallée and Nicole Vallée-Lévi, Paris: Seuil, 2014, 376 pp. [2] (French)
The Human Use of Human Beings, 1950, Log.
  • The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950, 241 pp; 2nd ed., 1954; London: Eyre and Spottiswode, 1954; New York: Avon Books, 1967; New York: Da Capo Press, 1988; repr., intro. Steve J. Heims, London: Free Association Books, 1989, xxx+199 pp; new ed., 1990.
    • Cybernétique et société: l'usage humain des êtres humains, Paris: Union Générale d'Éditions, 1952; 1971; repr., 2014. (French)
    • Mensch und Menschmaschine, Frankfurt am Main: Metzner, 1952; 4th ed., 1972. (German)
    • Materia, maskiner och människor: cybernetiken och samhället, trans. Edvin Thall, Stockholm: Forum, 1952, 210 pp; new ed., Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1964. (Swedish)
    • Cibernética e sociedade: o uso humano de seres humanos, trans. José Paulo Paes, São Paulo: Cultrix, 1954; 2nd ed., 1968, 190 pp. (Brazilian Portuguese)
    • Ningen kikairon: Saibaneteikkusu to shakai [人間機械論: サイバネテイックスと社会], Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1954. (Japanese)
    • Kibernetika i obshchestvo [Кибернетика и общество], trans. E.G. Panfilov, Moscow: IIL, 1958, 200 pp. (Russian)
    • Cybernética y sociedad, trans. José Novo Cerro, Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1958, 181 pp. (Spanish)
    • Cybernetyka i społeczeństwo, trans. Olgierd Wojtasiewicz, afterw. E. J. Kolman, Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza, 1960, 236 pp; 2nd ed., 1961, 217 pp. (Polish)
    • Kybernetika a společnost, trans. Karel Berka, intro. Arnošt Kolman, Prague: ČSAV, 1963, 216 pp. (Czech)
    • Menneske og automat: kybernetikken og samfundet, trans. Elsa Gress Wright, Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1963, 196 pp. (Danish)
    • Kibernetika i društvo: ljudska upotreba ljudskih bića, trans. Ljubomir Radanović, intro. Rajko Tomović, Belgrade: Nolit, 1964, 244 pp; 2nd ed., 1973. (Serbo-Croatian)
    • Anashim u-moḥot-mekhonah: ha-ḳeberneṭikah ṿeha-ḥevrah, trans. Ivrit Yaḳov Rabi, Tel Aviv: Poalim, 1964, 199 pp. (Hebrew)
    • Cibernètica i societat, intro. Miquel Masriera, trans. Jordi Monés, Barcelona: Ediciones 62, 1965, 214 pp. (Catalan)
    • Introduzione alla cibernetica: l'uso umano degli esseri umani, trans. Dario Persiani, Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1966, 229 pp; 3rd ed., 1970, 240 pp; 1982; 2012, 234 pp. Review. (Italian)
    • Ihmisestä, koneista, kielestä, trans. Pertti Jotuni, Helsinki: WS, 1969, 189 pp. (Finnish)
    • Inimolendite inimlik kasutamine: küberneetika ja ühiskond, trans. Boris Kabur, Tallinn: Perioodika, 1969, 158 pp. (Estonian)
    • Kyvernētikē kai koinōnia: ē anthrōpinē chrēsimopoiēsē tōn anthrōpinōn ontōn [Κυβερνητική και κοινωνία], trans. & intro. Giannē Iōannidē, Athens: Papazēsēs, 1970, xxv+151 pp. (Greek)
    • İnsan ve mekanizması, Istanbul: İTÜ, 1973, vii+148 pp. (Turkish)
    • Ren you ren de yong chu: kong zhi lun he she hui [人有人的用处: 控制论和社 会], trans. Bu Chen, Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1978; 2009. (Chinese)
    • Cybernética y sociedad, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984. (Spanish)
  • Time and Organization (Second Fawley Foundation Lecture), University of Southampton, 1955.
  • The Theory of Prediction: Modern Mathematics for the Engineer, ed. E. F. Beckenbach, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
  • Nonlinear Problems in Random Theory, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, and New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1958.
    • Nelineinye zadachi v teorii sluchainykh protsessov, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Inostrannoi Literatury, 1961. (Russian)
  • The Tempter, New York: Random House, 1959.
  • Time Series, MIT Press, 1964. Trans. of "Sur la théorie de la prévision statistique et du filtrage des ondes, Analyse Harmonique", Colloques Internationaux du CNRS 15, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1949, pp 67-74.
  • God and Golem, Inc.: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion, MIT Press, 1964, ix+95 pp.
    • A/S Gud og Golem, trans. David Jens Adler, Copenhagen: Hasselbalch, 1964, 92 pp. Review: Birkeland (Math Scandinavica). (Danish)
    • Gud og Golem A/S. Betraktninger over visse punkter hvor kybernetikken støter sammen med religionen, forew. Piet Hein, trans. Tor Bjerkmann, Oslo: Cappelen, 1964, 73 pp, NB. (Norwegian)
    • Kagaku to kami: Saibanetikkusu to shūkyō [科学と神: サイバネティックスと宗教], trans. Yasuo Shizume, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1965. (Japanese)
    • Tvorets i robot [Творец и робот], trans. M.N. Aronz and R.A. Fesenko, Moscow: Progress, 1966, 100 pp. (Russian)
    • God, mens en machine, intro. H. Brandt Corstius, trans. P.H.W.C. Rommers, Rotterdam: Universitaire Pers, 1966, 127 pp. (Dutch)
    • Dios y Golem, S.A: comentario sobre ciertos puntos en que chocan cibernética y religión, trans. Javier Alejo, México: Siglo XXI, 1967, 69 pp. (Spanish)
    • Dumnezeu şi Golem, S.A. Comentariu asupra cîtorva puncte de contact între cibernetică şi religie, trans. Edmond Nicolau and Lucia Nasta, Bucharest: Ştiinţifică, 1969, PDF, ARG. (Romanian)
    • Deus, golem & cia: um comentário sobre certos pontos de contato entre cibernética e religião, trans. Leonidas Hegenberg and Octanny Silveira da Mota, São Paulo: Cultrix, 1971, 94 pp. (Brazilian Portuguese)
    • Theos kai mēchanē: kyvernētikē, trans. Anna Stamatopoulou-Paradellē, Athens: Kastaniōtēs, 1972, 106 pp. (Greek)
    • God & Golem Inc. Sur quelques points de collision entre la cybernétique et la religion, trans. Christophe Romana and Patricia Farazzi, intro. Charles Mopsik, Paris: L’Éclat, 2015. (French)
  • Invention: The Care and Feeding of Ideas, intro. Steve Joshua Heims, MIT Press, 1993, 185 pp.
    • Fa ming: ji dong ren xin de chuang xin zhi lu [发明: 激动人心的创新之路], trans. Lejing Zhao, Shanghai : Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2002. (Chinese)
Autobiography
  • Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953; MIT Press, 1953, 309 pp; repr. in Wiener, A Life in Cybernetics: Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, and I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy, forew. Ronald R. Kline, MIT Press, 2018.
    • Nōbāto uīnā jiden: Tensai no oitachi [ノーバート・ウィーナー自伝: 天才の生い立ち], Tokyo: Masu Shobō, 1956. (Japanese)
    • Ex prodigio: mi infancia y juventud, trans. Aline Petterson, México, D.F.: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1982. (Spanish)
    • Xi ri shen tong: Wo de tong nian he qing nian shi qi [昔日神童: 我的童年和青年时期], Shanghai: Shang hai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1982. (Chinese)
    • Shindō kara zokujin e: waga yōji to seishun [神童から俗人へ: わが幼時と青春], trans. Yasuo Shizume, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1983. (Japanese)
  • I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956; MIT Press, 1964; repr. in Wiener, A Life in Cybernetics: Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth, and I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy, forew. Ronald R. Kline, MIT Press, 2018.
    • Saibanetikkusu wa ikani shite umaretaka [サイバネティックスはいかにして生まれたか], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1962. (Japanese)
    • Ya - matematik [Я - математик], Moscow: Nauka, 1964. (Russian)
    • Mathematik - mein Leben, trans. Walther Schwerdtfeger, Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer Bücherei, 1965, 310 pp. (German)
    • Matematikus vagyok, trans. Imre Nagy, Budapest: Gondolat, 1968, 324 pp. (Hungarian)
    • Můj život, trans. Zdenka Hermannová, Prague: Mladá fronta, 1970, 242 pp. (Czech)
    • Sînt matematician, trans. M. Drăgănescu, Bucharest: Politică, 1972, 348 pp. (Romanian)
    • Soy un matematico, trans. Sergio Francisco Beltran, México, D.F.: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 1982, 425 pp. (Spanish)
    • Wo shi yi ge shu xue jia [我是一個數學家], trans. Changzhong Zhou, Shanghai: Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1987. (Chinese)
    • Man riyāz̤īdānam: sarguzasht-i sībarnātik, trans. Parvaīz Shaharʹyārī, Tehran: Muʼassasah-ʼi Intishārāt-i Fāṭimī, 1368 [1989], 448 pp. (Persian)
Collected writings
  • Selected Papers of Norbert Wiener, Expository papers by Y. W. Lee, Norman Levinson, and W. T. Martin, MIT Press & SIAM, 1964.
    • 'Generalized Harmonic Analysis Tauberian Theorems, chapters repr. in MIT Press, 1964.
Selected writings
  • Válogatott tanulmányok, ed. Tarján Rezső, trans. Tarján Rezsőné, Budapest: Gondolat, 1974, 378 pp. (Hungarian)

Selected essays[edit]

  • "Cybernetics", Scientific American 179:5, Nov 1948, pp 14-19. Adapted from his 1948 book. [3]

Bibliography[edit]

Literature[edit]

See also[edit]

Links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://monoskop.org/index.php?title=Norbert_Wiener&oldid=111139"