View source for Afrofuturism

In his book ''[https://monoskop.org/log/?p=805 More Brilliant Than The Sun]'', Kodwo Eshun gives a concise summary of history of the term:

: '''AfroFuturism''' comes from Mark Dery's '93 book [''Flame Wars''], but the trajectory starts with Mark Sinker. In 1992, Sinker starts writing on Black Science Fiction; that's because he's just been to the States and Greg Tate's been writing a lot about the interface between science fiction and Black Music. Tate wrote this review called [[#Tate1985|"Yo Hermeneutics"]] which was a review of David Toop's ''Rap Attack'' plus a Houston Baker book, and it was one of the first pieces to lay out this science fiction of black technological music right there. And so anyway Mark went over, spoke to Greg, came back, started writing on Black Science Fiction. He wrote a big piece in ''The Wire'', a really early piece on Black Science Fiction in which he posed this question, asks "What does it mean to be human?" In other words, Mark made the correlation between Blade Runner and slavery, between the idea of alien abduction and the real events of slavery. [https://monoskop.org/images/b/b2/Eshun_Kodwo_More_Brilliant_Than_the_Sun_Adventures_in_Sonic_Fiction.pdf#page=98 (cont.)]

==Music==
* [http://ubu.com/film/ra.html Sun Ra]'s The Arkestra, started in mid-1950s.
* George Clinton, ''Mothership Connection'', 1975.
* Lee "Scratch" Perry, The Black Ark, studio and label, 1973-78.

==Fiction==
* [http://jalada.org/2015/01/14/jalada-02-afrofutures/ ''Jalada'' 02: Afrofuture(s)], ed. Moses Kilolo, et al., Nairobi: Jalada Africa, 2015. A collection of short stories and poems centred on the genres of Afrofuturism and AfroSF.

==Documentary==
* ''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylVuTqiGCyo The Last Angel of History]'', dir. John Akomfrah, 45 min. Written and researched by Edward George of Black Audio Film Collective. Explores relationships between Pan-African culture, science fiction, intergalactic travel, and computer technology. Featuring Tate, Eshun, Goldie, Clinton, Derrick May and others. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Angel_of_History]

==Resources==
* [http://afrofuturism.net/ Afrofuturism.net]
* [http://www.hmkv.de/_en/programm/programmpunkte/2014/Veranstaltungen/2014_Afro-Tech.php Afro-Tech and the Future of Re-invention. Alternative Technological Energies and Intelligences in Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria], research by Inke Arns and Anne Bergner, 2014.

==Writings==
[[Image:Eshun_Kodwo_More_Brilliant_Than_the_Sun_Adventures_in_Sonic_Fiction.jpg|thumb|200px|Kodwo Eshun, ''More Brilliant Than The Sun: Adventures In Sonic Fiction'', 1998, [https://monoskop.org/log/?p=805 Log], [[Media:Eshun_Kodwo_More_Brilliant_Than_the_Sun_Adventures_in_Sonic_Fiction.pdf|PDF]].]] 
[[Image:Nelson_Alondra_ed_Afrofuturism_Social_Text.jpg|thumb|200px|''Social Text'' 71: "Afrofuturism", ed. Alondra Nelson, 2002, [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=11786 Log], [[Media:Nelson_Alondra_ed_Afrofuturism_Social_Text.pdf|PDF]].]]
* {{a|Tate1985}} Greg Tate, "Yo! Hermeneutics!: Henry Louis Gates, Houston Baker, David Toop", ''The Wire'', London, 1985; [[Media:Tate_Greg_1992_Yo_Hermeneutics_Henry_Louis_Gates_Houston_Baker_David_Toop.pdf|repr. in]] Tate, ''Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America'', New York, 1992, pp 145-158. 
** [https://monoskop.org/images/f/fa/Diederichsen_Diedrich_ed_Yo_Hermeneutics_Schwarze_Kulturkritik_Pop_Medien_Feminismus.pdf#page=84 "Yo! Hermeneutics! Henry Louis Gates, Houston A. Baker & David Toop"], in ''Yo! Hermeneutics!'', ed. Diedrich Diederichsen, Berlin: ID-Verlag, 1993, pp 165-176. {{de}}
* Greg Sinker, [http://web.archive.org/web/20060209100352/http://www.thewire.co.uk/archive/essays/black_science_fiction.html "Loving the Alien: In Advance Of The Landing"], ''The Wire'' 96 (Feb 1992).
* Diedrich Diederichsen (ed.), ''[[Media:Diederichsen_Diedrich_ed_Yo_Hermeneutics_Schwarze_Kulturkritik_Pop_Medien_Feminismus.pdf|Yo! Hermeneutics! Schwarze Kulturkritik Pop/Medien/Feminismus]]'', Berlin: ID, 1993. [http://www.nadir.org/nadir/archiv/Kultur/Kritik/yo_hermeneutics/yo1.html TOC]. {{de}}
* Mark Dery, "Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia Rose", in ''Flame Wars: The Discourse of Cyberculture'', ed. Dery, Duke University Press, 1994, pp 179-222. [https://www.dukeupress.edu/flame-wars]
** "Black to the Future: Afro-Futurismus", in ''Loving the Alien'', ed. Diedrich Diederichsen, Berlin: ID, 1998. {{de}}
* Ian Penman, [http://web.archive.org/web/20050319082358/http://www.thewire.co.uk/archive/essays/tricky.html "Black Secret Tricknology"], ''The Wire'' 133 (Mar 1995). Review of Tricky's debut album ''Maxinquaye''.
* Paul Gilroy, ''[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=78514B7D04294CE361269CC920C609F6 The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness]'', London: Verso, 1993; Harvard University Press, 1993. [http://web.archive.org/web/20091214185207/http://czem.sonance.net/afrofuturism/gilroy.htm]
* Kodwo Eshun, ''[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=805 More Brilliant Than The Sun. Adventures in Sonic Fiction]'', Quartet Books, 1998, 239 pp. [http://web.archive.org/web/20091213153715/http://czem.sonance.net/afrofuturism/eshun.html]
* Diedrich Diederichsen (ed.), ''Loving the Alien. Science Fiction, Diaspora, Multikultur'', Berlin: ID, 1998, 224 pp. [https://www.idverlag.com/buchseite.php?buchID=81] {{de}}
* Mark Dery, [http://web.archive.org/web/19991023003219/http://www.levity.com/markdery/black.html "Black to the Future: Afro-Futurism 1.0"], in Dery, ''The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink'', 1999. [http://www.detritus.net/contact/rumori/200211/0319.html] [http://web.archive.org/web/20091214185202/http://czem.sonance.net/afrofuturism/dery.html]
* Michelle-Lee White, Keith Piper, Alondra Nelson, Arnold J. Kemp, Erika Dalya Muhammad, [[Media:White_Piper_Nelson_Kemp_Muhammad_2001_Aftrotech_and_Outer_Spaces.pdf|"Aftrotech and Outer Spaces"]], ''Art Journal'' 60:3, Autumn 2001, pp 90-104.
* Krystian Woznicki, [http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/11/11155/1.html "Afro-Futurismus im Strukturwandel. Zur afro-amerikanischen Sci-Fi-Ikonografie unter den Bedingungen der New Econonmy"], ''Telepolis'', 20 Nov 2001. {{de}}
* [http://monoskop.org/log/?p=11786 ''Social Text'' 71: "Afrofuturism"], ed. Alondra Nelson, Summer 2002, 146 pp.
* Christian Zemsauer, [http://web.archive.org/web/20091214211308/http://czem.sonance.net/afrofuturism/ "The Slave, the Robot and the Alien"], Mar 2002. An introduction to Afrofuturism.
* Sandra Grayson, ''Visions of the Third Millennium'', 2002.
* Kodwo Eshun, [http://growingrootsnyc.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/eshun-further-considerations-on-afrofuturism2.pdf "Further Considerations on Afrofuturism"], ''The New Centennial Review'' 3:2, Summer 2003, pp 287-302.
* ''Science Fiction Studies'' 34:2 (102): "Afrofuturism", Jul 2007. [http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/covers/cov102.htm]
* Adilifu Nama, ''Black Space: Imagining Race in Science Fiction Film'', 2008.
* D. Scot Miller, [http://dscotmiller.blogspot.com/2009/05/afrosurreal.html "AfroSurreal Generation: Afrosurreal Manifesto"], 20 May 2009.
* Adilifu Nama, [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/14725840902808736 "Brave Black Worlds: Black Superheroes as Science Fiction Ciphers"], ''African Identities'' 7(2): "The Black Imagination and Science Fiction", 2009, pp 133-144.
* Sandra Jackson, ''The Black Imagination: Science Fiction, Futurism and the Speculative'', 2011.
* ''The Shadows Took Shape'', eds. Naima J. Keith and Zoe Whitley, New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 2013, 160 pp. Review: [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/02533952.2014.998051 Malatjie] (JAS).
* ''Paradoxa'' 25: "Africa SF", ed. Mark Bould, 2013. [http://paradoxa.com/volumes/25]
* Jared C. Richardson, ''[https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/26810/RICHARDSON-THESIS-2012.pdf?sequence=1 Br(others) Only: Rashid Johnson, Class, and the Fraternal Orders of Afrofuturism]'', University of Texas at Austin, 2012, 75 pp. Master's thesis.
* Ytasha Womack, ''[http://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/0c096573-0b99-4102-b583-0493268db509 Afrofuturism: The World of Black Sci-Fi and Fantasy Culture]'', Chicago Review Press, 2013.
* Dariusz Brzostek, [http://academia.edu/14665124 "Afrofuturyzm – od analogowej wyobraźni do cyfrowego oporu"], ''Fragile'' 2:20, 2013, pp 72-76. {{pl}}
* Adriano Elia, [http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/linguelinguaggi/article/viewFile/13733/12764 "The Languages of Afrofuturism"], ''Lingue e Linguaggi'' 12, 2014, pp 83-96.
* Achille Mbembe, [http://aaaaarg.fail/ref/cd648c89966a841e9bd85dff04af8854#0.01 "Afrofuturisme et devenir-nègre du monde"], ''Politique africaine'' 136:4, 2014. {{fr}}
* Martine Syms, [http://thirdrailquarterly.org/wp-content/uploads/thirdrail_spring2014_final_msyms.pdf "The Mundane Afrofuturist Manifesto"], ''The Third Rail'' 3, 2014. 
* Anthony Reed, [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/10999949.2014.968951 "African Space Programs: Spaces and Times of the Black Fantastic"], ''Souls'' 16(3-4): "'Transition with a Real Slow Fade': The Life and Work of Richard Iton", 2014, pp 351-371.
* [http://www.advojka.cz/archiv/2015/22 ''A2'' 22: "Afrofuturismus"], Prague, 29 Oct 2015. Special issue of the magazine. {{cz}}
* Nadine Botha, [http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/28271/1/race-is-the-space-afrofuturism-is-all-about-now "We need Afrofuturism more than ever"], ''Dazed'', 23 Nov 2015.
* ''Black Quantum Futurism: Theory & Practice, Vol. 1'', ed. Rasheedah Phillips, House of Future Sciences Press, 2015, 84 pp. [https://blackquantumfuturism.tumblr.com/post/157879615550/superheroesincolor-black-quantum-futurism]
* ''Afrofuturism 2.0: The Rise of Astro-Blackness'', eds. Reynaldo Anderson and Charles E. Jones, Lexington Books, 2016. [http://books.google.com/books?id=4Pf8CgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover]
* Namwali Serpell, [http://www.publicbooks.org/fiction/afrofuturism-everything-and-nothing "Afrofuturism: Everything and Nothing"], ''Public Books'', 1 Apr 2016.
* Rasheedah Phillips, [http://icaphila.org/notes/8017/black-across-time-space-and-depth "Black Across Time, Space, and Depth"], ''ICA Notes'', 6 May 2016.
* Dariusz Brzostek, [http://www.journal.doc.art.pl/pdf14/artbasedresearch_brzostek_art_and_documentation14.pdf "Black Science - Black Magic. Czy afrofuturyzm jest narracją poznawczą"], ''Sztuka i dokumentacja'' 14 (2016). {{pl}}
* ''Obsidian'' 42(1-2): "Speculating Futures: Black Imagination & the Arts", eds. Sheree Renée Thomas, Nisi Shawl, Isiah Lavender III, and Krista Franklin, 2016. [https://casit.illinoisstate.edu/obsidian/index.php/obsidian/issue/view/7/showToc]
** Sheree Renée Thomas, "And So Shaped the World".
** Isiah Lavendar III, "Of Alien Abductions, Pocket Universes & Slave Narratives".
** Dorothy Stringer, "Slavery & the Afrofuture in Samuel R. Delany's 'Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand'".
** Jonathan Harvey, "Afrofuturism, Cyborgs & the Fate of Imperialism in Bill Campbell's 'Sunshine Patriots'".
** Reynaldo Anderson, [[Media:Anderson_Reynaldo_2016_Afrofuturism_2.0_and_the_Black_Speculative_Arts_Movement.pdf|"Afrofuturism 2.0 & the Black Speculative Arts Movement: Notes on a Manifesto"]], pp 230-238.
** Kinitra D. Brooks, Alexis McGee, Stephanie Schoellman, "Speculative Sankofarration: Haunting Black Women in Contemporary Horror Fiction".
** John Jennings, "Scratching at the Dark: A Visual Essay on EthnoGothic".
* Rasheedah Phillips, [https://organizeyourown.wordpress.com/2017/07/03/organize-your-own-temporality-by-rasheedah-phillips/ "Organize Your Own Temporality: Notes on Self-Determined Temporalities and Radical Futurities in Liberation Movements"], in ''Organize Your Own'', Soberscove, 2016.
* Paul Youngquist, ''[http://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#/book/57dee3d1-d7c0-496a-add4-71daddc4aa05 A Pure Solar World: Sun Ra and the Birth of Afrofuturism]'', Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016, 346 pp.
* Ruth La Ferladec, [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/fashion/afrofuturism-the-next-generation.html "Afrofuturism: The Next Generation"], ''The New York Times'', 12 Dec 2016.
* Alice Inggs, [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/02560046.2017.1383491 "The Suit Is Mine: ''Skhothane'' and the Aesthetic of the African Modern"], ''Critical Arts'' 31(3): "(Re)Fashioning African and African Diasporic Masculinities", 2017, pp 90-105.
* Tobias Wofford, [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/09528822.2018.1431472 "Afrofutures: Africa and the Aesthetics of Black Revolution"], ''Third Text'' 31:5-6, 2017, pp 633-649.
* Pedro J.S. Vieira de Oliveira, [http://sci-hub.tw/10.1080/17547075.2019.1609283 "Weaponizing Quietness: Sound Bombs and the Racialization of Noise"], ''Design and Culture'', 2019.

==Events==
* [http://framerframed.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/L3-at-Smart-Project.pdf Modernity & Aesthetics of the New Black Atlantic: The State of L3 Pan African Contemporary Arts & Film Collective], exhibition, Smart Project Space, Amsterdam, Jul-Aug 2010. [http://www.mediamatic.net/153963/en/modernity-amp-aesthetics-of-the-new-black-atlantic]
* [http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/whatson/superpower-africa-in-science-fiction Superpower: Africa in Science Fiction], exhibition curated by Nav Haq and Al Cameron at Arnolfini, Bristol, May-Jun 2012.
* [http://shadowstookshape.tumblr.com/ The Shadows Took Shape], exhibition, Studio Museum, Harlem, Nov 2013-Mar 2014. Curated by Naima J. Keith and Zoe Whitley. [http://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/the-shadows-took-shape]
* [http://www.worm.org/home/view/event/29744 From P-Funk & Techno to Afrofuturism: Afrofuturism Now! On Screen], an event at [[WORM]], Rotterdam, 2015. [http://www.facebook.com/events/816998838353294/]
* [http://www.facebook.com/events/887257974684440/ Afrofuturism Now! Festival], [[WORM]], Rotterdam, 14-18 Oct 2015. [http://louderthanwar.com/afrofuturism-now-festival-worm/ Report].
* [http://www.nypl.org/events/exhibitions/unveiling-visions Unveiling Visions: The Alchemy of the Black Imagination], exhibition, New York Public Library, Oct 2015-Jan 2016. [http://www.nypl.org/unveiling-visions-brochure Brochure].
* [http://civichall.org/events/afrofuturism/ Afrofuturism: Imagining the Future of Black Identity], panel discussion, Civic Hall, New York, 3 Dec 2015. [http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/dec/07/afrofuturism-black-identity-future-science-technology Commentary].
* [http://www.debalie.nl/agenda/podium/afrofuturism:-a-new-dawn/e_9782669/p_11767938/ Afrofuturism: A New Dawn], evening, De Balie, Amsterdam, 23 Dec 2016. [https://i-d.vice.com/nl/article/afrofuturisme-volgens-de-kunstenaar-airich Interview] (NL).
* [http://www.hmkv.de/_en/programm/programmpunkte/2017/Ausstellungen/2017_AFR.php Afro-Tech and the Future of Re-Invention], exhibition, HMKV, Dortmund, 21 Oct 2017-22 Apr 2018. Curated by [[Inke Arns]] (HMKV) and Fabian Saavedra-Lara (Interkultur Ruhr). Works by Sherif Adel, John Akomfrah, Jean-Pierre Bekolo, Neïl Beloufa, Frances Bodomo, Drexciya, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Louis Henderson, Jaromil, Wanuri Kahiu, Kapwani Kiwanga, Abu Bakarr Mansaray, Cristina de Middel, Fabrice Monteiro, Wangechi Mutu, The Otolith Group, RAMMELLZEE, Tabita Rezaire, Simon Rittmeier, Soda_Jerk. [http://www.dortmunder-u.de/en/event/afro-tech-and-future-re-invention]
* [http://www.sgt.gr/eng/SPG2045/ Enter Afrofuturism], concerts, [http://http://www.sgt.gr/eng/SPG2046/ talks], workshop & [http://www.sgt.gr/eng/SPG2047/? screenings], Onassis Cultural Centre, Athens, 7-12 Nov 2017. Curated by Voltnoi & Quetempo (DETACH). With Sun Ra Arkestra, Actress, Dopplereffekt, Moor Mother, A Guy Called Gerald, ATH Kids, Nkisi, Black Quantum Futurism, Black Athena, Nathalie Mba Bikoro, Louis Chude-Sokei, Reynaldo Anderson, A Guy Called Gerald, The Otolith Group, Black Athena, Tabita Rezaire, Nkisi, Abdul Qadim Haqq.
* [https://otherfutures.nl Other Futures] festival, Melkweg & Sugarfactory, Amsterdam, 2-4 Feb 2018. Focusing on non-Western science fiction.
* [https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/en/whats-on/exhibitions/afrofuturism Afrofuturism], Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam, Apr-Aug 2018. Works by Bob Mũchiri Njenga, Samuel Fosso, Kadara Enyeasi, and Osborne Macharia. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_ebX5me_eQ Video].
* [https://www.eventbrite.com/e/afrofutures-festivalintersections-of-futures-thinking-afrofuturist-visioning-tickets-55301809200 AfroFutures Festival—Intersections of Futures Thinking & AfroFuturist Visioning], Institute for the Future, Palo Alto, CA, 2 Mar 2019.

==Links==
* [http://www.afrofuturistaffair.com/ The Afrofuturist Affair], Philadelphia AfroFuturists community.
* [https://www.facebook.com/communityfutureslab/ Community Futures Lab], Philadelphia, opened Jun 2016 [https://www.facebook.com/events/279944169019626/]. [http://hyperallergic.com/307013/an-afrofuturist-community-center-targets-gentrification/]
* [http://blackquantumfuturism.tumblr.com/ Black Quantum Futurism] collective.


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